Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2019 Sep;103(18):7459-7466. doi: 10.1007/s00253-019-10070-3. Epub 2019 Aug 6.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important scientific discovery in the field of wastewater treatment. This process is a sustainable option in nitrogen removal due to its energy-efficient and cost-effective advantage. Great effort has been made recently to remove ammonium from industrial and municipal wastewater via the anammox process with a preceding partial nitrification (PN) converting part of NH to NO. Anammox process is seldom involved in the nitrate removal. Nitrate (NO), one of the main nitrogen compounds produced from various industries, is typically converted to nitrogen gas via denitrification process where a large amount of carbon source is consumed. Within this context, we reviewed the current technologies for high-strength nitrate wastewater treatment. It is found that nitrite accumulation often occurs during nitrate reduction, and its accumulating level would be increased at certain conditions (i.e., low C/N ratio and high pH). Hence, this provides a great opportunity to employ the anammox process to further convert nitrite in a more sustainable way. In this review, we highlight a new approach for industrial nitrate wastewater treatment via partial denitrification coupled with anammox process (PD-A). We also discuss the conditions to achieve successful PD-A process, economic and environmental benefits, and potential challenges as well as the future perspectives in practical application.
厌氧氨氧化（anammox）是废水处理领域的一项重要科学发现。由于其节能且经济高效的优势，该工艺是去除氮的可持续选择。最近，人们已经做出了巨大的努力，通过部分硝化（PN）将部分 NH 转化为 NO 来实现通过 anammox 工艺从工业和市政废水中去除铵。anammox 工艺很少涉及硝酸盐的去除。硝酸盐（NO）是各种工业产生的主要氮化合物之一，通常通过反硝化过程转化为氮气，该过程会消耗大量的碳源。在这种情况下，我们回顾了处理高强度硝酸盐废水的现有技术。研究发现，硝酸盐还原过程中经常会发生亚硝酸盐积累，在某些条件下（即低 C/N 比和高 pH 值），其积累水平会增加。因此，这为进一步以更可持续的方式利用 anammox 工艺来转化亚硝酸盐提供了绝佳机会。在本文中，我们重点介绍了一种通过部分反硝化与 anammox 工艺（PD-A）处理工业硝酸盐废水的新方法。我们还讨论了实现成功 PD-A 工艺的条件、经济和环境效益以及潜在挑战以及实际应用中的未来前景。
