Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Ophthalmic Res. 2021;64(5):687-695. doi: 10.1159/000518496. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
Uveitis is a leading cause of sight-threatening disease worldwide and is characterized by inflammation of the uvea, retina, and optic nerve. Among the forms of uveitis, immune-mediated uveitis represents the majority of cases in developed countries, while infectious uveitis is more common in developing countries. A Western lifestyle is thought to be one of the factors contributing to the difference and is responsible for the increasing incidence of immune-mediated uveitis. A vast range of studies have reported the importance of lifestyle factors, including smoking, gut microbiome, diet, and physical activity on immune-mediated uveitis patients and animal models of uveitis; however, there is a lack of an expert-led consensus initiative for the management of immune-mediated uveitis patients in the area of lifestyle. Herein, we summarize the advancements in the role of lifestyle factors in immune-mediated uveitis based on clinical and experimental evidence and make suggestions for patients to ameliorate inflammation and improve the prognosis, including quitting smoking, engaging in regular physical activity, consuming a personalized anti-inflammatory diet, and optimizing the gut microbiome.
葡萄膜炎是全球致盲眼病的主要原因，其特征为眼葡萄膜、视网膜和视神经炎症。在葡萄膜炎的各种类型中，免疫介导性葡萄膜炎在发达国家占多数，而感染性葡萄膜炎在发展中国家更为常见。西方生活方式被认为是造成这种差异的因素之一，也是免疫介导性葡萄膜炎发病率不断上升的原因。大量研究报告了生活方式因素在免疫介导性葡萄膜炎患者和葡萄膜炎动物模型中的重要性，包括吸烟、肠道微生物群、饮食和体育活动；然而，在生活方式领域，针对免疫介导性葡萄膜炎患者的管理，缺乏专家主导的共识性倡议。在此，我们根据临床和实验证据，总结了生活方式因素在免疫介导性葡萄膜炎中的作用，并为患者改善炎症和改善预后提出了建议，包括戒烟、定期进行体育锻炼、食用个性化抗炎饮食和优化肠道微生物群。
