在埃塞俄比亚的骆驼和猪粪便样本中首次检测到戊型肝炎病毒基因组。
First molecular detection of hepatitis E virus genome in camel and pig faecal samples in Ethiopia.
机构信息
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Virol J. 2021 Aug 4;18(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s12985-021-01626-9.
BACKGROUND
Hepatitis E is an enteric and zoonotic disease caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) that is mainly transmitted via the faecal-oral route through contaminated food or the environment. The virus is an emerging infectious agent causing acute human infection worldwide. A high seroprevalence of the disease was reported in pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, raising significant public health concern. The presence of HEV specific antibodies were also reported in dromedary camels in the country; however, the infectious virus and/or the viral genome have not been demonstrated to date in animal samples.
METHODS
To address this gap, a total of 95 faecal samples collected from both apparently healthy pigs of uncharacterised types (50 samples) in Burayu and Addis Ababa areas and camels (Camelus dromedarius, 45 samples) in west Hararghe were screened for the presence of HEV genome using universal primers in a fully nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR). The protocol is capable of detecting HEV in faecal samples from both pigs and camels.
RESULTS
The nRT-PCR detected HEV genes in six (12%) pig faecal samples and one camel sample (2.2%). Therefore, the results indicate that HEV is circulating in both pigs and camels in Ethiopia and these animals and their products could serve as a potential source of infection for humans.
CONCLUSION
The detection of HEV in both animals could raise another concern regarding its public health importance as both animals' meat and camel milk are consumed in the country. Further studies to determine the prevalence and distribution of the virus in different animals and their products, water bodies, food chain, and vegetables are warranted, along with viral gene sequencing for detailed genetic characterisation of the isolates circulating in the country. This information is critically important to design and institute appropriate control and/or preventive measures.
背景
戊型肝炎是一种由戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）引起的肠道和人畜共患病，主要通过污染的食物或环境经粪-口途径传播。该病毒是一种在全球范围内引起人类急性感染的新兴传染病原体。埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴的孕妇中报告了该疾病的高血清流行率，引起了重大的公共卫生关注。该国还报告了在单峰驼中存在 HEV 特异性抗体；然而，迄今为止，尚未在动物样本中证明存在 HEV 感染性病毒和/或病毒基因组。
方法
为了解决这一差距，使用通用引物在完全嵌套的逆转录聚合酶链反应（nRT-PCR）中总共筛选了来自 Burayu 和亚的斯亚贝巴地区的未明确类型的 apparently 健康猪（50 个样本）和西哈加里的单峰驼（Camelus dromedarius，45 个样本）的 95 份粪便样本，以检测 HEV 基因组的存在。该方案能够检测来自猪和骆驼的粪便样本中的 HEV。
结果
nRT-PCR 在六个（12%）猪粪便样本和一个骆驼样本（2.2%）中检测到 HEV 基因。因此，结果表明 HEV 在埃塞俄比亚的猪和骆驼中循环，并认为这些动物及其产品可能成为人类感染的潜在来源。
结论
在这两种动物中检测到 HEV 可能会引起另一个关于其公共卫生重要性的关注，因为该国消费这两种动物的肉和骆驼奶。需要进一步研究来确定不同动物及其产品、水体、食物链和蔬菜中病毒的流行率和分布情况，以及病毒基因测序，以对该国循环的分离株进行详细的遗传特征分析。这些信息对于设计和实施适当的控制和/或预防措施至关重要。
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