Alharbi Yasser M, Bima Abdulhadi I, Elsamanoudy Ayman Z
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2021 Jan 9;9(2):47-54. doi: 10.4103/JMAU.JMAU_33_20. eCollection 2021 Apr-Jun.
Autophagy is a cellular process that eliminates unnecessary cytoplasmic materials, such as long-age proteins, destroyed organelles, and foreign microorganisms. Macroautophagy (MaA), chaperone-mediated autophagy, and microautophagy are the three main types of autophagy. It is regulated by the integration of signaling from the AMPK and mTOR-ULK1 pathways. Autophagy plays a physiological role in health, and its dysregulation could be a pathophysiologic mechanism in different disease conditions. In the current study, we reviewed papers of Google Scholar database, PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, and MedlinePlus with no time limitation and a recent World Health Organization report. In the current review, it could be concluded that autophagy plays many physiological functions, including immune system modulation, and regulates different cellular processes such as metabolism, protein synthesis, and cellular transportation. Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in tumorigenesis, aging, age-related neurodegeneration, and endothelial dysfunctions. Autophagy dysregulation is also implicated in the newly discovered CoV-COVID-19 pathogenesis.
自噬是一种细胞过程，可清除不必要的细胞质物质，如老化蛋白质、受损细胞器和外来微生物。巨自噬（MaA）、伴侣介导的自噬和微自噬是自噬的三种主要类型。它受AMPK和mTOR-ULK1信号通路整合的调节。自噬在健康中发挥生理作用，其失调可能是不同疾病状态下的病理生理机制。在本研究中，我们检索了谷歌学术数据库、PubMed、PubMed Central、Cochrane系统评价数据库、MEDLINE和MedlinePlus中无时间限制的论文以及世界卫生组织最近的一份报告。在当前综述中，可以得出结论，自噬发挥多种生理功能，包括免疫系统调节，并调节不同的细胞过程，如代谢、蛋白质合成和细胞运输。自噬失调与肿瘤发生、衰老、年龄相关的神经退行性变和内皮功能障碍有关。自噬失调也与新发现的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）发病机制有关。
