Large-scale synthesis of a monophosphonated tetrathiatriarylmethyl spin probe for concurrent measurement of O, pH and inorganic phosphate by EPR.

Low-field electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy paired with , a mono-phosphonated triarylmethyl radical, is an unmatched technique for concurrent and non-invasive measurement of oxygen concentration, pH, and inorganic phosphate concentration for investigations. However, the prior reported synthesis is limited by its low yield and poor scalability, making wide-spread application of unfeasible. Here, we report a new strategy for the synthesis of with significantly greater yields demonstrated on a large scale. We also present a standalone application with user-friendly interface for automatic spectrum fitting and extraction of O, pH, and [P] values. Finally, we confirm that remains in the extracellular space and has low cytotoxicity appropriate for local injection.