Exponent, Inc., Farmington Hills, Michigan.
ProBiomechanics, LLC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2021;22(7):553-558. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1946523. Epub 2021 Aug 6.
Occupant kinematics and biomechanical responses are assessed with and without pretensioning of normally seated and out-of-position front-seat occupants in rear sled tests. The results are compared to recent studies.
Three series of rear sled tests were conducted at 24 and 40 km/h with a 2001 Ford Taurus. Series I consisted of two sled tests with a lap-shoulder belted 50 Hybrid III in the driver seat. Series II included four sled tests with a lap-shoulder belted 50 Hybrid III in both front seats. Two soft foam blocks were added, one was placed on the chest centerline under the shoulder belt and one on the pelvis under the lap belt providing additional webbing. Series III consisted of 8 runs and 16 ATD tests to assess the effect of pretensioning with out-of-positioned (OOP) occupants. The biomechanical responses were normalized with Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARV) for head, neck and chest.
The ATD kinematics and biomechanical responses were similar in the yielding phase when the occupant was normally seated with and without pretensioning. The rebound displacement was greater with pretensioning in the 40 km/h tests due to the shoulder belt slipping off the shoulder. The hip displacement was similar, irrespective of pretensioning. All biomechanical responses were below IARVs. The highest response was for lower neck extension. The normalized response was at about 32% for the 24 km/h tests, irrespective of pretensioning. It was up to 59% in the 40 km/h tests with pretensioning. With the OOP occupants, there were no differences in the kinematics and biomechanical response with pretensioning.
Testing of the effect of retractor pretensioning with out-of-position occupants and additional belt webbing in moderate to high-speed rear sled tests shows no effect on occupant kinematics and biomechanical responses. The displacement of the hips in a rear impact depends on the compliance of the seatback and amount of pocketing, the stiffness of the seat frame limiting rearward rotation, and the dynamic friction between the occupant and the seatback.
在正常坐姿和非坐姿前排乘客的后碰撞试验中，评估预紧装置对乘客运动学和生物力学响应的影响。将结果与近期的研究进行比较。
在 24km/h 和 40km/h 速度下，使用 2001 年福特 Taurus 进行了三系列后碰撞试验。系列 I 由两次碰撞试验组成，驾驶员座椅上有一个 lap-shoulder 安全带的 50 号 Hybrid III 假人。系列 II 包括四个碰撞试验，前排座椅上各有一个 lap-shoulder 安全带的 50 号 Hybrid III 假人。在胸部中心线下肩带和骨盆下安全带处放置了两个软泡沫块，以提供额外的织带。系列 III 包括 8 次运行和 16 次 ATD 测试，以评估带有非坐姿（OOP）乘客的预紧装置的效果。使用头部、颈部和胸部的伤害评估参考值（IARV）对生物力学响应进行归一化。
当乘客正常坐姿且未预紧时，ATD 运动学和生物力学响应在屈服阶段相似。在 40km/h 的测试中，由于肩带从肩部滑落，预紧装置导致反弹位移更大。髋部位移相似，与预紧无关。所有生物力学响应均低于 IARV。最低颈部伸展的响应最大。在 24km/h 的测试中，未预紧时归一化响应约为 32%，预紧时最高可达 59%。对于 OOP 乘客，预紧对运动学和生物力学响应没有影响。
在中高速后碰撞试验中，对带有非坐姿乘客的收紧器预紧装置和额外安全带织带的效果进行测试，结果显示，对乘客运动学和生物力学响应没有影响。在后碰撞中，臀部的位移取决于座椅靠背的顺应性和收纳量、座椅框架限制向后旋转的刚性，以及乘客和座椅靠背之间的动态摩擦力。
