ProBiomechanics LLC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
Ford Motor Company, World Headquarters, Dearborn, Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2021;22(5):396-400. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1910243. Epub 2021 Apr 22.
This study compared dummy kinematics and biomechanical responses with and without retractor pretensioning in a severe rear sled test. It compliments an earlier study with buckle pretensioning.
Three rear tests were run at 40 km/h (25 mph) delta V with a lap-shoulder belted Hybrid III 50 male dummy on a 2013-18 Ford Escape driver seat and belt restraint. One test was with the lap-shoulder belts only, a second with retractor and anchor pretensioning and a third with only retractor pretensioning. The head, chest and pelvis were instrumented with triaxial accelerometers. The upper and lower neck, thoracic spine and lumbar spine had transducers measuring triaxial loads and moments. Lap belt load was measured. High-speed video recorded different views of the dummy motion. Dummy kinematics and biomechanical responses were compared to determine the influence of retractor belt pretensioning.
The dummy kinematics and biomechanical responses were essentially similar with and without retractor or retractor and anchor pretensioning in rear sled tests. There was an initial spike in lap belt load with pretensioning, but it did not result in different dummy head, neck or chest responses. In the tests, the dummy moved rearward away from the shoulder belt. The belts were tightened with the rapid pull on the webbing by pretensioning. The dummy loaded the seat, which yielded rearward restraining its motion. There was no significant effect of pretensioning on the dynamics of the dummy until late in rebound.
There were no significant differences in dynamics of the Hybrid III with and without retractor or retractor and anchor pretensioning in a 40 km/h (25 mph) rear sled test. Belt pretensioning did not influence biomechanical responses in the rear impact because the seat supported the dummy.
本研究比较了严重后碰撞 sled 试验中使用和不使用卷收器预紧时的假人运动学和生物力学响应。这是对早期使用带扣预紧的研究的补充。
在 2013-18 年福特 Escape 驾驶员座椅和安全带约束装置上，使用 lap-shoulder belted Hybrid III 50 男性假人，以 40km/h（25mph）的 delta V 进行了三次后碰撞 sled 试验。一次试验仅使用 lap-shoulder 安全带，第二次试验使用卷收器和锚定预紧，第三次试验仅使用卷收器预紧。头部、胸部和骨盆装有三轴加速度计。上颈、胸椎和下腰椎有测量三轴力和力矩的传感器。测量了 lap 安全带的载荷。高速视频记录了假人运动的不同视图。比较假人运动学和生物力学响应，以确定卷收器带预紧的影响。
在 rear sled 试验中，使用和不使用卷收器或卷收器和锚定预紧时，假人运动学和生物力学响应基本相似。预紧时，lap 安全带载荷会出现初始尖峰，但不会导致假人头、颈或胸部的响应不同。在试验中，假人从肩部安全带向后移动。预紧时，通过快速拉动织带使安全带收紧。假人加载座椅，座椅向后移动限制其运动。直到回弹后期，预紧对假人动力学才没有显著影响。
在 40km/h（25mph）后碰撞 sled 试验中，使用和不使用卷收器或卷收器和锚定预紧时，Hybrid III 的动力学没有显著差异。由于座椅支撑假人，因此，安全带预紧不会影响后碰撞的生物力学响应。
