Touil Akram, Weber Kevin, Deffner Sebastian
Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Jul 13;23(7):889. doi: 10.3390/e23070889.
In classical thermodynamics the Euler relation is an expression for the internal energy as a sum of the products of canonical pairs of extensive and intensive variables. For quantum systems the situation is more intricate, since one has to account for the effects of the measurement back action. To this end, we derive a quantum analog of the Euler relation, which is governed by the information retrieved by local quantum measurements. The validity of the relation is demonstrated for the collective dissipation model, where we find that thermodynamic behavior is exhibited in the weak-coupling regime.
在经典热力学中，欧拉关系是将内能表示为广延变量与强度变量的正则对之积的总和。对于量子系统，情况更为复杂，因为必须考虑测量反作用的影响。为此，我们推导了欧拉关系的量子类似物，它由局部量子测量所获取的信息支配。该关系在集体耗散模型中的有效性得到了证明，我们发现在弱耦合区域呈现出热力学行为。
