Krasavtseva Eugenia, Maksimova Victoria, Makarov Dmitry
Laboratory of Nature-Inspired Technologies and Environmental Safety of the Arctic, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184209 Apatity, Russia.
Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 184209 Apatity, Russia.
Toxics. 2021 Jul 9;9(7):163. doi: 10.3390/toxics9070163.
In the Kola Subarctic, a mining industry has developed, which is a source of environmental pollution with heavy metals. The objects of study were the tailings of three large mining enterprises in the region: apatite-nepheline, complex and loparite ores. The geotechnical characteristics were studied, and the granulometric composition of the samples was established. The main minerals that make up the material of ore dressing tailings have been determined. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the content of trace elements, in particular heavy metals and rare earth elements, has been established. The enrichment factor, the geoaccumulation indexes, the potential ecological risk index factor and the potential environmental hazard index have been calculated. Priority pollutants characteristics for specific objects have been identified. It is noted that the finely dispersed material of the tailings of loparite and complex ores is 1.5-3 times enriched in heavy and rare earth metals in comparison with the total material of the tailings. In laboratory conditions, experiments were carried out to simulate the process of interaction of dust particles with soil solutions containing different amounts of dissolved organic matter and at average seasonal temperatures. It was found that a decrease in the pH of the solution and an increase in the amount of organic carbon and temperature lead to the mobilization of heavy and rare earth metals from the tailings.
在科拉亚北极地区，发展起了采矿业，这是重金属环境污染的一个源头。研究对象是该地区三家大型采矿企业的尾矿：磷灰石-霞石矿、综合矿和钛铌钙铈矿。对岩土特性进行了研究，并确定了样品的粒度组成。已确定构成选矿尾矿材料的主要矿物。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法确定了微量元素的含量，特别是重金属和稀土元素的含量。计算了富集系数、地累积指数、潜在生态风险指数因子和潜在环境危害指数。确定了特定对象的优先污染物特征。值得注意的是，与尾矿的总体材料相比，钛铌钙铈矿和综合矿尾矿的细分散材料中重金属和稀土金属的含量高出1.5至3倍。在实验室条件下，进行了实验，以模拟在平均季节温度下，粉尘颗粒与含有不同量溶解有机物的土壤溶液之间的相互作用过程。研究发现，溶液pH值的降低、有机碳含量和温度的升高会导致尾矿中重金属和稀土金属的活化。
