Acute digoxin poisonings: review of therapy.

Acute digoxin poisoning, its recognition and management, are reviewed. The uses of syrup of ipecac, gastric lavage, activated charcoal, cholestyramine, colestipol, edetate sodium and cathartics as measures to terminate the drug exposure are discussed. Measures to hasten digoxin elimination, such as the use of furosemide, hemodialysis and digoxin-specific antibodies are reviewed. Supportive management may include treatment with atropine, phenytoin, lidocaine, propranolol, glucose, insulin and sodium polystyrene sulfonate. Proper management of digoxin poisoning involves the use of standard decontamination procedures (emesis or gastric lavage). Activated charcoal is strongly recommended, followed by rapidly acting cathartics. Antiarrhythmic therapy usually involves atropine sulfate and phenytoin sodium.