Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7000-654 Évora, Portugal.
Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7000-654 Évora, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 30;18(15):8109. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18158109.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effects of a standardized water training session on the shoulder rotators strength and balance in age group swimmers, in order to understand whether a muscle-strengthening workout immediately after the water training is appropriate. A repeated measures design was implemented with two measurements performed before and after a standardized swim session. 127 participants were assembled in male ( = 72; age: 16.28 ± 1.55 years, height: 174.15 ± 7.89 cm, weight: 63.97 ± 6.51 kg) and female ( = 55; age: 15.29 ± 1.28 years, height: 163.03 ± 7.19 cm, weight: 52.72 ± 5.48 kg) cohorts. The isometric torque of the shoulder internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators, as well as the ER/IR ratios, were assessed using a hand-held dynamometer. Paired sample t-tests and effect sizes (Cohen's d) were used ( ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were found on the shoulder rotators strength or balance in males after training. Females exhibited unchanged strength values after practice, but there was a considerable decrease in the shoulder rotators balance of the non-dominant limb ( < 0.01 = 0.366). This indicates that a single practice seems not to affect the shoulders strength and balance of adolescent swimmers, but this can be a gender specific phenomenon. While muscle-strengthening workout after the water session may be appropriate for males, it can be questionable regarding females. Swimming coaches should regularly assess shoulder strength levels in order to individually identify swimmers who may or may not be able to practice muscle strengthening after the water training.
本研究旨在分析标准水上训练对青少年游泳运动员肩部旋转肌力量和平衡的急性影响，以了解水上训练后立即进行肌肉强化训练是否合适。采用重复测量设计，在标准化游泳课程前后进行了两次测量。共招募了 127 名参与者，分为男性组（n=72；年龄：16.28±1.55 岁，身高：174.15±7.89cm，体重：63.97±6.51kg）和女性组（n=55；年龄：15.29±1.28 岁，身高：163.03±7.19cm，体重：52.72±5.48kg）。使用手持测力计评估肩部内（IR）和外（ER）旋转肌的等长扭矩以及 ER/IR 比值。采用配对样本 t 检验和效应大小（Cohen's d）进行分析（≤0.05）。训练后，男性组肩部旋转肌力量和平衡无显著差异。女性组练习后力量值不变，但非优势肢肩部旋转肌平衡明显下降（<0.01，=0.366）。这表明单次练习似乎不会影响青少年游泳运动员的肩部力量和平衡，但这可能是一种性别特异性现象。虽然水上训练后进行肌肉强化训练可能适合男性，但对于女性来说可能存在疑问。游泳教练应定期评估肩部力量水平，以便个别识别可能或不可能在水上训练后进行肌肉强化训练的游泳运动员。
