Batalha Nuno, Dias Sónia, Marinho Daniel A, Parraca José A
Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal.
Research Centre of Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, STRONG Research Community, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal.
J Hum Kinet. 2018 Jun 13;62:91-102. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0161. eCollection 2018 Jun.
The continuous execution of swimming techniques, supported mainly by the upper limbs, may cause shoulder rotator muscle imbalances, which leads to injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of two training programs on strength, balance and endurance of shoulder rotator cuff muscles in youth swimmers. Twenty-five male swimmers were evaluated and randomly divided into two groups - the land group (n = 13), which conducted a conventional dry-land training program with elastic bands, and the water group (n = 12), which conducted a water resistance program. In both groups, the level of strength of the shoulder rotators was evaluated with an isokinetic dynamometer on two occasions (baseline and after 10 weeks) using two protocols: i) three repetitions at 60/s; ii) twenty repetitions at 180/s. The land group significantly increased the unilateral ratios compared to the water group. The land group also decreased the external rotator levels of muscular fatigue. The dry-land training program conducted proved to be more effective than the one conducted in the water, allowing to reduce the muscle imbalance and to decrease muscle fatigue.
主要由上肢支撑的游泳技术的持续执行，可能会导致肩部旋转肌失衡，进而引发损伤。本研究的目的是评估和比较两种训练方案对青少年游泳运动员肩部旋转袖肌力量、平衡和耐力的影响。对25名男性游泳运动员进行了评估，并随机分为两组——陆地组（n = 13），进行常规的弹力带陆地训练方案；水上组（n = 12），进行水中阻力训练方案。在两组中，使用两种方案在两个时间点（基线和10周后）通过等速测力计评估肩部旋转肌的力量水平：i）60/s时进行三次重复；ii）180/s时进行二十次重复。与水上组相比，陆地组的单侧比率显著增加。陆地组还降低了外旋肌的肌肉疲劳水平。事实证明，所进行的陆地训练方案比水中训练方案更有效，能够减少肌肉失衡并降低肌肉疲劳。
