Division of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, P-81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Division of Marine Chemistry and Environmental Protection, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, P-81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 23;22(15):7865. doi: 10.3390/ijms22157865.
Macroalgae are the source of many harmful allelopathic compounds, which are synthesized as a defense strategy against competitors and herbivores. Therefore, it can be predicted that certain species reduce aquaculture performance. Herein, the allelopathic ability of 123 different taxa of green, red, and brown algae have been summarized based on literature reports. Research on macroalgae and their allelopathic effects on other animal organisms was conducted primarily in Australia, Mexico, and the United States. Nevertheless, there are also several scientific reports in this field from South America and Asia; the study areas in the latter continents coincide with areas where aquaculture is highly developed and widely practiced. Therefore, the allelopathic activity of macroalgae on coexisting animals is an issue that is worth careful investigation. In this work, we characterize the distribution of allelopathic macroalgae and compare them with aquaculture locations, describe the methods for the study of macroalgal allelopathy, present the taxonomic position of allelopathic macroalgae and their impact on coexisting aquatic competitors (Cnidaria) and herbivores (Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata), and compile information on allelopathic compounds produced by different macroalgae species. This work gathers the current knowledge on the phenomenon of macroalgal allelopathy and their allelochemicals affecting aquatic animal (competitors and predators) worldwide and it provides future research directions for this topic.
海藻是许多有害化感化合物的来源，这些化合物是作为一种防御策略合成的，以抵御竞争者和食草动物。因此，可以预测某些物种会降低水产养殖的性能。在此，根据文献报道，总结了 123 种不同绿藻、红藻和褐藻的化感能力。对海藻及其对其他动物生物的化感作用的研究主要在澳大利亚、墨西哥和美国进行。然而，该领域也有一些来自南美洲和亚洲的科学报告；后两个洲的研究区域与水产养殖高度发达和广泛实践的区域相吻合。因此，海藻对共存动物的化感活性是一个值得仔细研究的问题。在这项工作中，我们描述了化感海藻的分布，并将其与水产养殖地点进行了比较，描述了研究海藻化感作用的方法，介绍了化感海藻的分类地位及其对共存水生竞争者（刺胞动物）和食草动物（环节动物、棘皮动物、节肢动物、软体动物和脊索动物）的影响，汇编了不同海藻物种产生的化感化合物的信息。这项工作汇集了目前关于海藻化感作用及其化感化合物对全球水生动物（竞争者和捕食者）的影响的知识，并为该主题的未来研究方向提供了信息。
