Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
Research Assistant Center, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 29;22(15):8113. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158113.
Globally, breast cancer has remained the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous and phenotypically diverse group of diseases, which require different selection of treatments. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a small subset of cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, play essential roles in breast cancer progression, recurrence, metastasis, chemoresistance and treatments. Epigenetics is defined as inheritable changes in gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Epigenetic regulation includes DNA methylation and demethylation, as well as histone modifications. Aberrant epigenetic regulation results in carcinogenesis. In this review, the mechanism of epigenetic regulation involved in carcinogenesis, therapeutic resistance and metastasis of BCSCs will be discussed, and finally, the therapies targeting these biomarkers will be presented.
在全球范围内，乳腺癌仍然是最常见的癌症，也是女性癌症死亡的主要原因。乳腺癌是一组高度异质性和表型多样化的疾病，需要不同的治疗选择。乳腺癌干细胞（BCSCs）是一小部分具有干细胞样特性的癌细胞，在乳腺癌的进展、复发、转移、化疗耐药和治疗中发挥着重要作用。表观遗传学被定义为基因表达的可遗传变化，而 DNA 序列没有改变。表观遗传调控包括 DNA 甲基化和去甲基化，以及组蛋白修饰。异常的表观遗传调控导致癌症的发生。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论涉及 BCSCs 癌发生、治疗抵抗和转移的表观遗传调控机制，并最终提出针对这些生物标志物的治疗方法。
