Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan.
Department of Psychiatry and Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 30;22(15):8208. doi: 10.3390/ijms22158208.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and accounts for most cases of dementia. The prevalence of AD has increased in the current rapidly aging society and contributes to a heavy burden on families and society. Despite the profound impact of AD, current treatments are unable to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects or stop the progression of the disease. Finding novel treatments for AD has become urgent. In this paper, we reviewed novel therapeutic approaches in five categories: anti-amyloid therapy, anti-tau therapy, anti-neuroinflammatory therapy, neuroprotective agents including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor modulators, and brain stimulation. The trend of therapeutic development is shifting from a single pathological target to a more complex mechanism, such as the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. While drug repositioning may accelerate pharmacological development, non-pharmacological interventions, especially repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), also have the potential for clinical application. In the future, it is possible for physicians to choose appropriate interventions individually on the basis of precision medicine.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，占痴呆症的大多数病例。在当前快速老龄化的社会中，AD 的患病率有所增加，给家庭和社会带来了沉重的负担。尽管 AD 具有深远的影响，但目前的治疗方法无法达到令人满意的治疗效果或阻止疾病的进展。寻找治疗 AD 的新方法已变得紧迫。本文综述了五类新的治疗方法：抗淀粉样蛋白治疗、抗 tau 治疗、抗神经炎症治疗、包括 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体调节剂在内的神经保护剂和脑刺激。治疗发展的趋势正从单一的病理靶标向更复杂的机制转变，如神经炎症和神经退行性过程。虽然药物重定位可能会加速药理学的发展，但非药物干预，特别是重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）和经颅直流电刺激（tDCS），也具有临床应用的潜力。在未来，医生可能会根据精准医学选择个体化的适当干预措施。
