Khan Yousaf Ali
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, 23010, Pakistan.
School of Statistics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, 330013, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jan;29(2):2063-2072. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15654-z. Epub 2021 Aug 7.
The present research aims to investigate the impact of air pollution on the number of mortalities caused by COVID-19 per Pakistani province. To do so, for each independent area of Pakistan, the observed mortality due to COVID-19 has been standardized over the entire population using standard age groups ranging from 0 to 4, 5 to 9, 10 to 14,…, 65, and above years, supported by the 2017 state people census. The impact of air pollution and COVID-19 transience among Pakistani areas, Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), and the Federally Administered Tribal Region (FATA) was analyzed by a multiple-linear regression model, while the broad collection of attributes was observed by the resources of local spatial autocorrelation indicators, including the spatial portion of COVID-19 association. The result indicates that the observed mortality rate is much higher than predicted in certain provinces, namely, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab provinces, and the prevalence of PM was independently linked to mortality due to the corona virus. Additionally, the results of the local spatial autocorrelation indicators on the standardized mortality rate and PM define a collection of very higher ideologies in the broad range of KPK and the southern part of Punjab province, respectively, with a definite degree of connection between the two distributions in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region. In brief, this research seems to find a justification for confirming the existence of a correlation between the possibility of COVID-19 mortality and air pollution, more precisely considering air pollutants (i.e., particulate (PM) and land take-over. To this end, the need to mediate in favor of measures aimed at eliminating emissions in the environment will be reiterated by speeding up current proposals and policies aimed at all causes of atmospheric pollution: urbanization, water and manufacturing, home heating, and transportation.
本研究旨在调查空气污染对巴基斯坦各省因新冠疫情导致的死亡人数的影响。为此，对于巴基斯坦的每个独立地区，在2017年国家人口普查的支持下，利用从0至4岁、5至9岁、10至14岁、…、65岁及以上等标准年龄组，将观察到的因新冠疫情导致的死亡率在整个人口中进行了标准化。通过多元线性回归模型分析了巴基斯坦各地区、伊斯兰堡首都地区（ICT）和联邦直辖部落地区（FATA）空气污染和新冠疫情短暂性的影响，同时利用局部空间自相关指标资源观察了广泛的属性集合，包括新冠疫情关联的空间部分。结果表明，在某些省份，即开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省和旁遮普省，观察到的死亡率远高于预测值，并且PM的流行率与冠状病毒导致的死亡率独立相关。此外，局部空间自相关指标对标准化死亡率和PM的结果分别在开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省的广泛区域和旁遮普省南部定义了一组非常高的意识形态，在开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦地区这两种分布之间存在一定程度的关联。简而言之，本研究似乎找到了理由来证实新冠疫情死亡率可能性与空气污染之间存在相关性，更确切地说是考虑空气污染物（即颗粒物（PM）和土地占用）。为此，将通过加快当前针对所有大气污染原因（城市化、水和制造业、家庭供暖和交通）的提案和政策，重申采取有利于消除环境排放措施的必要性。
