Tesfaye Anbese Adane, Egeta Gudina, Mesfin Frehiwot, Arega Sadore Abinet
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia.
J Nutr Metab. 2021 Jul 13;2021:4218023. doi: 10.1155/2021/4218023. eCollection 2021.
Undernutrition and tuberculosis are the major concerns of underdeveloped regions of the world. Tuberculosis makes undernutrition worse and undernutrition weakens immunity, thereby increasing the likelihood that latent tuberculosis will develop into active disease. Nevertheless, little has been understood about undernutrition among patients with infectious disease like tuberculosis in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of undernutrition and its determinants among tuberculosis patients in Shashemane public health institutions, Southern Ethiopia.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two public hospitals and ten health centers of Shashemane Town from March 12, to April 12, 2017, among 368 adult tuberculosis patients on treatment follow-up. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and anthropometric data were collected. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.3 computer software and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable logistic regression analyses were done to assess the association between outcome variable at bivariate analysis, and multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess factors that were independently associated with undernutrition. Odds ratios along with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated to measure the strength of the association, and level of statistical significance was declared at value ≤0.05.
The overall magnitude of undernutrition among adult tuberculosis patients in this study was 28.8% (95% CI = 0.25-0.34). Patients in the age group of forty-five and above ((AOR = 3.39, 95% CI = (1.6-7.18)), residents in rural area ((AOR = 1.95, 95% CI = (1.07-3.54)), those with problem with eating ((AOR = 2.361, 95% CI = (1.332-4.185)), and those who are not on food supplementation ((AOR = 2.21, 95% CI = (1.06-4.58)) were significantly at higher risk of undernutrition.
The magnitude of undernutrition in the study setting was found to be significantly higher. Age greater than forty-five, living in rural area, and lack of nutritional care and support were identified as the factors associated with undernutrition. Thus, relevant actors should give attention to fast nutritional intervention together with standard therapeutic regimen in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis patients to curb their nutritional derangement.
营养不良和结核病是世界欠发达地区的主要关切问题。结核病会使营养不良状况恶化，而营养不良会削弱免疫力，从而增加潜伏性结核病发展为活动性疾病的可能性。然而，对于埃塞俄比亚像结核病这样的传染病患者中的营养不良情况，人们了解甚少。本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚南部沙舍梅内公共卫生机构中结核病患者的营养不良程度及其决定因素。
2017年3月12日至4月12日，在沙舍梅内镇的两家公立医院和十个卫生中心开展了一项基于机构的横断面研究，研究对象为368名接受治疗随访的成年结核病患者。收集了社会人口学和社会经济特征以及人体测量数据。数据录入EpiData 3.3版计算机软件，并使用SPSS 20版进行分析。进行双变量逻辑回归分析以评估双变量分析中结果变量之间的关联，并使用多变量逻辑回归模型评估与营养不良独立相关的因素。估计比值比及95%置信区间（CI）以衡量关联强度，当P值≤0.05时宣布具有统计学意义。
本研究中成年结核病患者的总体营养不良程度为28.8%（95%CI = 0.25 - 0.34）。45岁及以上年龄组的患者（调整后比值比[AOR] = 3.39，95%CI =（1.6 - 7.18））、农村地区居民（AOR = 1.95，95%CI =（1.07 - 3.54））、有进食问题的患者（AOR = 2.361，95%CI =（1.332 - 4.185））以及未接受食物补充的患者（AOR = 2.21，95%CI =（1.06 - 4.58））营养不良风险显著更高。
研究发现该研究环境中的营养不良程度显著更高。年龄大于45岁、居住在农村地区以及缺乏营养护理和支持被确定为与营养不良相关的因素。因此，相关行为者在管理肺结核患者时应重视快速的营养干预以及标准治疗方案，以遏制其营养紊乱。
