Shifera Nigusie, Yosef Tewodros
School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia.
Front Nutr. 2024 Dec 9;11:1450669. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1450669. eCollection 2024.
Adult tuberculosis (TB) patients experience significant undernutrition globally, especially in developing countries. While some studies have explored the prevalence and factors influencing undernutrition in this group, comprehensive large-scale investigations covering diverse health facilities and populations are lacking. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among adult TB patients in public hospitals in southwest Ethiopia.
An institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from March 01 to April 15, 2023, in public hospitals in the southwest region, of Ethiopia. A total of 239 adult TB patients who were directly observed in TB treatment were selected via systematic sampling. A structured questionnaire was adapted from a review of different literature. Data were cleaned and entered into EPI info version 7, then analyzed with SPSS Version 22. A bivariable analysis was done to evaluate associations at ( < 0.25), and then multiple logistic regression models were computed to identify independent predictors of undernutrition among TB patients at ( < 0.05).
A total of 239 respondents participated with a response rate of 100%. The prevalence of undernutrition among adult TB patients was 43.93%. Of the 239 TB patients, the majority (91.6%) were new TB cases. Family size >5 (AOR 3.23 [1.16-9.01]), household average income <2,000 birr (AOR 5.64 [2.12-14.99]), type of TB (AOR 2.8 [1.25-6.51]), and positive HIV status of the study participant (AOR 3.23 [1.16-9.01]) were the independent predictors of undernutrition among adult TB patients.
Undernutrition among adult tuberculosis (TB) patients is notably high compared to other settings. Key predictors include a family size greater than five, a monthly income below 2,000 birr, HIV status, and pulmonary TB. Early screening and diagnosis of undernutrition, along with nutritional interventions, should be integrated into the routine care for all adult TB patients.
全球范围内，成年结核病（TB）患者存在严重营养不良问题，尤其是在发展中国家。虽然一些研究探讨了该群体中营养不良的患病率及影响因素，但缺乏涵盖不同医疗机构和人群的全面大规模调查。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西南部公立医院成年结核病患者中营养不良的患病率及其相关因素。
2023年3月1日至4月15日，在埃塞俄比亚西南部地区的公立医院开展了一项基于机构的横断面研究。通过系统抽样选取了239名接受结核病直接督导治疗的成年结核病患者。根据对不同文献的综述改编了一份结构化问卷。数据经过清理后录入EPI info 7版本，然后使用SPSS 22版本进行分析。进行双变量分析以评估关联度（<0.25），然后计算多重逻辑回归模型以确定结核病患者中营养不良的独立预测因素（<0.05）。
共有239名受访者参与，应答率为100%。成年结核病患者中营养不良的患病率为43.93%。在239名结核病患者中，大多数（91.6%）为新发病例。家庭规模>5（调整后比值比[AOR] 3.23 [1.16 - 9.01]）、家庭平均收入<2000比尔（AOR 5.64 [2.12 - 14.99]）、结核病类型（AOR 2.8 [1.25 - 6.51]）以及研究参与者的HIV阳性状态（AOR 3.23 [1.16 - 9.01]）是成年结核病患者中营养不良的独立预测因素。
与其他情况相比，成年结核病患者中的营养不良情况显著较高。关键预测因素包括家庭规模大于五、月收入低于2000比尔、HIV状态以及肺结核。应将营养不良的早期筛查和诊断以及营养干预纳入所有成年结核病患者的常规护理中。
