Gerçek Muhammed, Rudolph Volker
Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Jul 22;8:701243. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.701243. eCollection 2021.
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) can be divided into primary and secondary origins. Primary TR is mostly caused by infective endocarditis, leaflet perforation, entrapment after device placement and congenital abnormalities. The natural cause of secondary (functional) TR is not well-understood and underdiagnoses is likely. Because symptoms such as ascites, edema and hepatomegaly usually manifest at a late state, assessment of TR is challenging requiring a multiparametric approach. Secondary TR can be subdivided into four morphologic types according to the underlying mechanism: Left-heart related TR, precapillary pulmonary hypertension related TR, right ventricular disease related TR and isolated TR.
三尖瓣反流（TR）可分为原发性和继发性。原发性TR主要由感染性心内膜炎、瓣叶穿孔、装置置入后卡瓣及先天性异常引起。继发性（功能性）TR的自然病因尚不清楚，且很可能存在漏诊情况。由于腹水、水肿和肝肿大等症状通常在疾病晚期才出现，TR的评估具有挑战性，需要采用多参数方法。继发性TR可根据潜在机制细分为四种形态学类型：左心相关TR、毛细血管前性肺动脉高压相关TR、右心室疾病相关TR和孤立性TR。
