Warwick P M, Williams L T
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Nutrition, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
Hum Nutr Appl Nutr. 1987 Dec;41(6):409-25.
The food intake of 37 adult volunteers (12 M, 25 F) interested in eating a healthy diet was measured on two occasions by the 7-day weighed record method. In week 1 subjects consumed their habitual diet and in week 2 attempted to follow dietary recommendations (DR). Intakes were compared with recommended dietary allowances (RDA) and with dietary guidelines (DG). Validation of recorded energy intakes against changes in body weight, and sodium, potassium and nitrogen intakes against urine excretions suggested reliable dietary records in both study weeks. Mean dietary intakes in week 1 met the RDA for all nutrients studied except for energy (which was close) and zinc (in females only). Daily energy intake was 2160 kcal (9.04 MJ) in week 1 and 1810 kcal (7.56 MJ) in week 2, and subjects lost weight during week 2. Absolute intakes of vitamins and minerals were similar in both study weeks, thus increasing nutrient density in week 2 and suggesting improved dietary quality. Mean dietary intakes in week 1 conformed more closely to DG than commonly reported and changed in the direction recommended in week 2. Mean daily intakes in week 1 and week 2 respectively were: fibre, 31 and 34 g; sodium 114 and 90 mmol; Na:K ratio, 1.37 and 1.10; alcohol, 3.3 and 2.3 per cent of total energy; fat, 38.7 and 34.2 per cent of food energy or 37.4 and 33.4 per cent of total energy. Intake of fibre increased with respect to energy but sodium intake per unit energy did not decrease. Energy intake was positively related to sodium, fibre and zinc intakes and influenced ease of conformity to DR for these nutrients. It is concluded that our motivated subjects were able to make short-term dietary changes consistent with DR. Whether or not these changes continue in the long term is the subject of a follow-up study.
采用7天称重记录法，对37名有健康饮食意愿的成年志愿者（12名男性，25名女性）的食物摄入量进行了两次测量。在第1周，受试者食用其习惯饮食；在第2周，他们尝试遵循饮食建议（DR）。将摄入量与推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）以及饮食指南（DG）进行比较。通过比较记录的能量摄入量与体重变化，以及钠、钾和氮摄入量与尿液排泄量，表明在两个研究周内膳食记录都是可靠的。第1周的平均膳食摄入量，除能量（接近标准）和锌（仅女性）外，其他所有研究营养素均达到RDA标准。第1周的每日能量摄入量为2160千卡（9.04兆焦），第2周为1810千卡（7.56兆焦），并且受试者在第2周体重减轻。两个研究周内维生素和矿物质的绝对摄入量相似，因此第2周的营养密度增加，表明饮食质量有所改善。第1周的平均膳食摄入量比通常报道的更符合DG，并且在第2周朝着推荐的方向变化。第1周和第2周的平均每日摄入量分别为：纤维，31克和34克；钠，114毫摩尔和90毫摩尔；钠钾比，1.37和1.10；酒精，占总能量的3.3%和2.3%；脂肪，占食物能量的38.7%和34.2%，或占总能量的37.4%和33.4%。纤维摄入量相对于能量增加，但单位能量的钠摄入量并未减少。能量摄入量与钠、纤维和锌摄入量呈正相关，并影响这些营养素对DR的遵循程度。研究得出结论，我们这些有积极性的受试者能够做出与DR一致的短期饮食改变。这些变化能否长期持续是后续研究的主题。
