George J H, Brinsdon S C, Paulin J M, Aitken E F
Health Research Services, Department of Health, Wellington.
N Z Med J. 1993 Feb 24;106(950):47-51.
To determine the nutrient intakes of a nationwide sample of form 1 children (aged 10-11 years), and to identify possible areas of nutritional concern.
Ten form 1 classes (322 children) were chosen as a nationally representative but nonrandom sample. A 24-hour dietary record was used to obtain quantitative information on all food and beverages consumed. Mean daily intakes were compared with Australian recommended dietary intakes (RDIs) for ages 8 to 11 years. Mean percentage contributions made by selected macronutrients to total energy intake, were compared to targets set for adult New Zealanders.
The final sample comprised 251 children (114 boys, 137 girls) aged 10 to 11 years. Mean energy intake was 8.32 MJ/d (boys) and 7.97 MJ/d (girls). These intakes were within the Australian recommended range for 10 to 11 year olds. Snacks contributed a mean of 30 percent to the daily energy intake of this sample. The mean percentage of daily energy from total fat was 36% (boys) and 35% (girls), close to the target set for adult New Zealanders. However, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) provided only 4% of mean daily energy compared to the 8% recommended for adults. Sugar intake was considered too high, with total sugars contributing one quarter of daily energy. This group would probably benefit from increased consumption of complex carbohydrate including fibre, and less refined sugar. Nearly half of the girls sampled had a calcium intake less than 70% of the Australian RDI. This result is of concern with respect to maintaining positive calcium balance for achievement of peak bone mass. Mean sodium intake was high at approximately 100 mmol/d, despite no information on salt added during cooking and before eating. Intake of zinc and vitamin B6 was considered to be too low with over one-third of the sample consuming less than 70% of the Australian RDI.
确定全国范围内初一学生（10 - 11岁）的营养摄入量，并找出可能存在营养问题的领域。
选取十个初一班级（322名学生）作为具有全国代表性但非随机的样本。采用24小时饮食记录来获取所有摄入的食物和饮料的定量信息。将每日平均摄入量与澳大利亚8至11岁儿童的推荐膳食摄入量（RDI）进行比较。将选定的宏量营养素对总能量摄入的平均百分比贡献与为成年新西兰人设定的目标进行比较。
最终样本包括251名10至11岁的儿童（114名男孩，137名女孩）。平均能量摄入量为男孩8.32兆焦耳/天，女孩7.97兆焦耳/天。这些摄入量在澳大利亚10至11岁儿童的推荐范围内。零食对该样本每日能量摄入的平均贡献为30%。总脂肪提供的每日能量平均百分比为男孩36%，女孩35%，接近为成年新西兰人设定的目标。然而，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）仅提供平均每日能量的4%，而成年人的推荐比例为8%。糖摄入量被认为过高，总糖占每日能量的四分之一。这组儿童可能会从增加包括纤维在内的复合碳水化合物的摄入以及减少精制糖的摄入中受益。近一半的受访女孩钙摄入量低于澳大利亚RDI的70%。就维持正钙平衡以实现峰值骨量而言，这一结果令人担忧。尽管没有关于烹饪和进食前添加盐的信息，但平均钠摄入量仍较高，约为100毫摩尔/天。超过三分之一的样本锌和维生素B6摄入量被认为过低，低于澳大利亚RDI的70%。
