Bassett J R, Marshall P M, Spillane R
School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, N.S.W., Australia.
Int J Psychophysiol. 1987 Dec;5(4):265-73. doi: 10.1016/0167-8760(87)90058-4.
An evaluation of a number of non-invasive physiological measures of stress was conducted, using bank employees attending a two-week residential course. The stressor involved was the preparation and delivery of a 15-min public lecture. The physiological parameters measured were urinary excretion rates of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), dopamine and cortisol, the ratio of NA/A, salivary cortisol levels, heart rate and blood pressure. Measurements were taken at 08.30, 10.30, 12.30, 15.30 and 17.30 h on the day of the public lecture and on the following (control) day. The public lectures were given between 10.30 and 12.30 h. The urinary excretion rates of adrenaline and cortisol were significantly elevated immediately following, but not before, the public lectures. The ratio NA/A was significantly decreased and the salivary cortisol levels were significantly increased both immediately before and after the public lecture. Urinary excretion rates of noradrenaline and dopamine, blood pressure and heart rate were unchanged by the stressor. Measurement of salivary cortisol levels, as well as providing a simple, stress free, non-invasive collection procedure, more closely reflects in time the changes in plasma levels of the hormone, not suffering from the large lag-time involved with urinary hormone measurements. Salivary cortisol measurement would appear to be the measurement of choice in human stress studies where individual stress factors are to be identified and studied. The significance of the stress-induced elevation in cortisol and catecholamine levels in the link between illness and occupational stress is discussed.
以参加为期两周住宿课程的银行员工为对象，对多种非侵入性应激生理指标进行了评估。所涉及的应激源是准备并发表一场15分钟的公开讲座。所测量的生理参数包括去甲肾上腺素（NA）、肾上腺素（A）、多巴胺和皮质醇的尿排泄率、NA/A比值、唾液皮质醇水平、心率和血压。在公开讲座当天以及次日（对照日）的08:30、10:30、12:30、15:30和17:30进行测量。公开讲座在10:30至12:30之间进行。公开讲座刚结束后，肾上腺素和皮质醇的尿排泄率显著升高，但讲座开始前未出现这种情况。NA/A比值显著降低，公开讲座前后唾液皮质醇水平均显著升高。应激源未改变去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的尿排泄率、血压及心率。唾液皮质醇水平的测量不仅提供了一种简单、无压力、非侵入性的采集方法，而且能更及时地反映该激素血浆水平的变化，不存在尿激素测量所涉及的较大滞后时间。在需要识别和研究个体应激因素的人类应激研究中，唾液皮质醇测量似乎是首选的测量方法。文中讨论了应激诱导的皮质醇和儿茶酚胺水平升高在疾病与职业应激之间联系中的意义。
