Maneechakr Panya, Karnjanakom Surachai
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathumthani 12000, Thailand.
ACS Omega. 2021 Jul 22;6(30):20006-20014. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02999. eCollection 2021 Aug 3.
Waste palm kernel cake (WPKC) is being utilized as a biomass feedstock for the sustainable production of catalysts/supports and bio-oil fuels. Herein, metal (Cu, Ni, and/or Fe)-doped carbon catalysts were prepared using conventional impregnation and pyrolysis methods. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared catalysts were analyzed. According to the obtained results, the catalyst acidity was highly increased with the increase in the metal loading amount on a carbon support, leading to a better performance for deoxygenation/aromatization. A maximum yield of bio-oil from WPKC pyrolysis was achieved up to ∼60% under optimum conditions determined via statistical designs. From the results of bio-oil compositions, 15%Ni loading on activated carbon exhibited the best performance of about 72% for the production of hydrocarbon compounds. Monoaromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTXs) could be reduced via condensation and polymerization with the increase of the Ni-loading amount. Moreover, the catalytic performance of the selected 15%Ni-carbon catalyst was also compared with those of commercial catalysts zeolite and alumina, and the results showed that the 15% metal-doped carbon catalyst presented much better stability/reusability for five times with less reduction of the hydrocarbon yield in the upgraded bio-oil. This research provided an eco-friendly strategy for the low-cost production of bio-oil fuel with a high quality/yield from waste biomass pyrolysis.
废弃棕榈仁饼（WPKC）正被用作生物质原料，用于可持续生产催化剂/载体和生物油燃料。在此，采用传统浸渍和热解方法制备了金属（铜、镍和/或铁）掺杂的碳催化剂。对所制备催化剂的物理化学性质进行了分析。根据所得结果，随着碳载体上金属负载量的增加，催化剂酸度显著提高，从而使脱氧/芳构化性能更好。通过统计设计确定的最佳条件下，WPKC热解生物油的最高产率达到约60%。从生物油成分结果来看，活性炭上负载15%的镍在生产烃类化合物方面表现最佳，产率约为72%。随着镍负载量的增加，苯、甲苯和二甲苯（BTXs）等单环芳烃可通过缩合和聚合反应减少。此外，还将所选的15%镍碳催化剂的催化性能与商业催化剂沸石和氧化铝进行了比较，结果表明，15%金属掺杂的碳催化剂在重复使用五次时表现出更好的稳定性/可重复使用性，提质生物油中的烃产率降低较少。本研究为从废弃生物质热解中低成本生产高质量/高产率的生物油燃料提供了一种生态友好的策略。
