Moustafa Sara Ayman, Mohamed Shrouk, Dawood Abdelhameed, Azar Jihan, Elmorsy Ekramy, Rizk Noura A M, Salama Mohamed
Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE) Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
Nanotechnology Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
Metab Brain Dis. 2021 Oct;36(7):1545-1557. doi: 10.1007/s11011-021-00808-2. Epub 2021 Aug 9.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases. It is characterized neuropathologically by the presence of alpha-synuclein containing Lewy Bodies in the substantia nigra of the brain with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. The presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the substantia nigra and the enteric nervous system (ENS) drew attention to the possibility of a correlation between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease. The gut-brain axis is a two-way communication system, which explains how through the vagus nerve, the gut microbiota can affect the central nervous system (CNS), including brain functions related to the ENS, as well as how CNS can alter various gut secretions and immune responses. As a result, this dysbiosis or alteration in gut microbiota can be an early sign of PD with reported changes in short chain fatty acids, bile acids, and lipids. This gave rise to the use of probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation as alternative approaches to improve the symptoms of patients with PD. The aim of this review is to discuss investigations that have been done to explore the gastrointestinal involvement in Parkinson's disease, the effect of dysbiosis, and potential therapeutic strategies for PD.
帕金森病（PD）是最常见的进行性神经退行性疾病之一。其神经病理学特征是大脑黑质中存在含有α-突触核蛋白的路易小体，同时黑质致密部的多巴胺能神经元丧失。黑质和肠神经系统（ENS）中α-突触核蛋白聚集体的存在，引发了人们对肠道微生物群与帕金森病之间相关性的关注。肠-脑轴是一个双向通信系统，它解释了肠道微生物群如何通过迷走神经影响中枢神经系统（CNS），包括与肠神经系统相关的脑功能，以及中枢神经系统如何改变各种肠道分泌物和免疫反应。因此，这种肠道微生物群的失调或改变可能是帕金森病的早期迹象，已有报道称短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸和脂质发生了变化。这促使人们使用益生菌和粪便微生物群移植作为改善帕金森病患者症状的替代方法。本综述的目的是讨论为探索帕金森病的胃肠道受累情况、失调的影响以及帕金森病的潜在治疗策略所开展的研究。
