Milet-Pinheiro Paulo, Santos Pablo Sandro Carvalho, Prieto-Benítez Samuel, Ayasse Manfred, Dötterl Stefan
Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos-ESCET, C/Tulipán, s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jul 2;10(7):1356. doi: 10.3390/plants10071356.
Visual and olfactory floral signals play key roles in plant-pollinator interactions. In recent decades, studies investigating the evolution of either of these signals have increased considerably. However, there are large gaps in our understanding of whether or not these two cue modalities evolve in a concerted manner. Here, we characterized the visual (i.e., color) and olfactory (scent) floral cues in bee-pollinated species by spectrophotometric and chemical methods, respectively, with the aim of tracing their evolutionary paths. We found a species-specific pattern in color reflectance and scent chemistry. Multivariate phylogenetic statistics revealed no influence of phylogeny on floral color and scent bouquet. However, univariate phylogenetic statistics revealed a phylogenetic signal in some of the constituents of the scent bouquet. Our results suggest unequal evolutionary pathways of visual and olfactory floral cues in the genus . While the lack of phylogenetic signal on both color and scent bouquet points to external agents (e.g., pollinators, herbivores) as evolutionary drivers, the presence of phylogenetic signal in at least some floral scent constituents point to an influence of phylogeny on trait evolution. We discuss why external agents and phylogeny differently shape the evolutionary paths in floral color and scent of closely related angiosperms.
视觉和嗅觉的花卉信号在植物与传粉者的相互作用中起着关键作用。近几十年来，对这两种信号中任何一种的进化进行研究的数量大幅增加。然而，在我们对这两种线索模式是否以协同方式进化的理解上仍存在很大差距。在这里，我们分别通过分光光度法和化学方法对蜜蜂传粉物种的视觉（即颜色）和嗅觉（气味）花卉线索进行了表征，旨在追踪它们的进化路径。我们发现了颜色反射率和气味化学方面的物种特异性模式。多变量系统发育统计显示系统发育对花卉颜色和气味组合没有影响。然而，单变量系统发育统计显示在气味组合的一些成分中存在系统发育信号。我们的结果表明该属中视觉和嗅觉花卉线索的进化途径不同。虽然颜色和气味组合上缺乏系统发育信号表明外部因素（如传粉者、食草动物）是进化驱动力，但至少一些花卉气味成分中存在系统发育信号表明系统发育对性状进化有影响。我们讨论了为什么外部因素和系统发育会以不同方式塑造近缘被子植物花卉颜色和气味的进化路径。
