Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Am J Hum Biol. 2022 Nov;34(11):e23665. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23665. Epub 2021 Aug 9.
Despite advances in cancer medicine and research, invasive and potentially risky procedures such as biopsies, venous blood tests, imaging, colonoscopy, and pap smear tests are still primarily used for screening, staging, and assessing response to therapy. The development and interdisciplinary use of biomarkers from urine, feces, saliva, scent, and capillary blood collected with minimally invasive methods represents a potential opportunity for integration with biomarker analysis for cancers, both in clinical practice (e.g., in screening, treatment, and disease monitoring, and improved quality of life for patients) and population-based research (e.g., in epidemiology/public health, studies of social and environmental determinants, and evolutionary medicine). In this article, we review the scientific rationale, benefits, challenges, and potential opportunities for measuring cancer-related biomarkers in samples collected through minimally invasive methods.
尽管癌症医学和研究取得了进展，但仍主要使用侵入性和潜在风险的程序，如活检、静脉血液检查、成像、结肠镜检查和巴氏涂片检查，用于筛查、分期和评估治疗反应。从尿液、粪便、唾液、气味和毛细血管血中使用微创方法开发和跨学科使用生物标志物代表了与癌症生物标志物分析相结合的潜在机会，无论是在临床实践中（例如，在筛查、治疗和疾病监测以及改善患者生活质量方面）还是在基于人群的研究中（例如，在流行病学/公共卫生、社会和环境决定因素研究以及进化医学方面）。在本文中，我们回顾了通过微创方法收集的样本中测量与癌症相关的生物标志物的科学原理、益处、挑战和潜在机会。
