UMR1246 SPHERE (MethodS in Patients-centered outcomes and HEalth ResEarch), Nantes University, Tours University, INSERM, Nantes, France.
Biostatistics and Methodology Unit, Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
Addiction. 2022 Apr;117(4):1020-1034. doi: 10.1111/add.15665. Epub 2021 Sep 23.
To estimate whether the use of wagering inducements has a significant impact on the gambling behaviors of on-line gamblers and describe this temporal relation under naturalistic conditions.
This longitudinal observational study is part of the second stage of the Screening for Excessive Gambling Behaviors on the Internet (EDEIN) research program.
Gambling tracking data from the French national on-line gambling authority (poker, horse race betting and sports betting) and from the French national lottery operator (lotteries and scratch games).
A total of 9306 gamblers who played poker, horse race or sports betting and 5682 gamblers who played lotteries and scratch games completed an on-line survey. The gender ratio was largely male (between 87.1% and 92.9% for poker, horse race betting and sports betting, and equal to 65.1% for lotteries). Median age ranged from 35 (sports betting) to 53 (horse race betting and lotteries).
The survey used the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) to determine the status of the gamblers (at-risk or not). Gambling tracking data included weekly gambling intensity (wagers, deposits), gambling frequency (number of gambling days), proxies of at-risk gambling behaviors (chasing and breadth of involvement) and use of wagering inducements.
The use of wagering inducements was associated with an increase of gambling intensity [β between -0.06 (-0.08; -0.05) and 0.57 (0.54; 0.60)], gambling frequency [β between 0.12 (0.10; 0.18) and 0.29 (0.28; 0.31)] and at-risk gambling behaviors [odds ratio between 1.32 (1.16; 1.50) and 4.82 (4.61; 5.05)] at the same week of their use. This effect was stronger for at-risk gambling behaviors and at-risk gamblers.
Wagering inducements may represent a risk factor for developing or exacerbating gambling problems.
评估博彩诱导因素的使用是否对线上赌客的赌博行为产生重大影响，并在自然条件下描述这种时间关系。
这是一项纵向观察性研究，是“互联网过度赌博行为筛查（EDEIN）”研究计划第二阶段的一部分。
赌博跟踪数据来自法国国家线上博彩管理局（扑克、赛马投注和体育博彩）和法国国家彩票运营商（彩票和刮刮乐）。
共有 9306 名参与扑克、赛马或体育博彩的赌客和 5682 名参与彩票和刮刮乐的赌客完成了在线调查。性别比例在很大程度上为男性（扑克、赛马投注和体育投注的性别比例为 87.1%至 92.9%，彩票的性别比例为 65.1%）。中位年龄范围从 35 岁（体育投注）到 53 岁（赛马投注和彩票）。
调查使用赌博问题严重程度指数（PGSI）来确定赌客的状态（处于风险中或未处于风险中）。赌博跟踪数据包括每周赌博强度（赌注、存款）、赌博频率（赌博天数）、处于风险中的赌博行为的代表（追逐和参与范围）以及博彩诱导因素的使用。
博彩诱导因素的使用与赌博强度的增加有关[β值在-0.06（-0.08；-0.05）和 0.57（0.54；0.60）之间]、赌博频率[β值在 0.12（0.10；0.18）和 0.29（0.28；0.31）之间]以及处于风险中的赌博行为[比值比在 1.32（1.16；1.50）和 4.82（4.61；5.05）之间]，且发生在其使用的同一周。对于处于风险中的赌博行为和处于风险中的赌客来说，这种影响更为强烈。
博彩诱导因素可能是引发或加剧赌博问题的一个风险因素。
