School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada.
J Agric Food Chem. 2021 Aug 25;69(33):9511-9519. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01384. Epub 2021 Aug 11.
The environmental impact of methyl bromide (MB) has resulted in its phase out as an insecticidal fumigant except for critical use exempted categories. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop an environmentally sustainable MB alternative fumigant. -Cinnamaldehyde (TC), benzaldehyde, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), hexanal, and ethyl formate (EF) are naturally occurring plant volatiles with insecticidal properties. This study assessed the toxicity of these plant volatiles to adult and egg stages of the spotted-wing drosophila (SWD) ( Matsumura). The plant volatile treatments had a significant effect on adult SWD mortality. The descending order of toxicity to adult SWD was benzaldehyde > AITC > TC > hexanal > EF at a headspace concentration of 0.50 μL/L air for 24 h. All the volatiles, at a concentration of 4.00 μL/L air, significantly inhibited larval emergence from SWD eggs in artificial diet compared to the control. At a 0.50 μL/L air level, among the volatiles tested, only AITC exhibited 100% inhibition against larval emergence from SWD eggs in blueberry fruits after 24 h exposure. In summary, this study shows that all volatiles tested elicited varying degrees of toxicity toward SWD adults and eggs. However, AITC was the most efficacious volatile and the one with the greatest promise as a post-harvest fumigant for both adult and egg stages of SWD.
甲基溴（MB）对环境的影响导致其除了在关键豁免类别外被逐步淘汰作为一种杀虫剂熏蒸剂。因此，迫切需要开发一种环境可持续的 MB 替代熏蒸剂。-肉桂醛（TC）、苯甲醛、丙烯基异硫氰酸酯（AITC）、己醛和甲酸乙酯（EF）是具有杀虫特性的天然存在的植物挥发物。本研究评估了这些植物挥发物对斑翅果蝇（SWD）（Matsumura）成虫和卵期的毒性。植物挥发物处理对成虫 SWD 的死亡率有显著影响。在 0.50 μL/L 空气的头空间浓度下，对成年 SWD 的毒性顺序为苯甲醛> AITC> TC> 己醛> EF，处理时间为 24 小时。与对照相比，所有挥发性物质在 4.00 μL/L 空气浓度下，均显著抑制了人工饮食中 SWD 卵的幼虫孵化。在 0.50 μL/L 空气水平下，在所测试的挥发物中，只有 AITC 在 24 小时暴露后对蓝莓果实中 SWD 卵的幼虫孵化表现出 100%的抑制作用。总之，本研究表明，所有测试的挥发物对 SWD 成虫和卵均表现出不同程度的毒性。然而，AITC 是最有效的挥发物，最有希望作为 SWD 成虫和卵期的采后熏蒸剂。
