Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2023 Jul-Aug;30(4):381-388. doi: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1950154. Epub 2021 Aug 11.
The study aimed at investigating age and gender differences in cognitive reserve (CR) and whether CR can contribute to everyday and physical activity and fluid reasoning in older adults. Participants ( = 294), categorized into three age groups: young-old, middle-old, and old-old, completed the Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq), the Everyday Activity Questionnaire (EAQ), the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and the Unbalanced Structure Test (UST). The old-old had significantly lower scores on CRI-Total, CRI-Working activity, and CRI-Leisure time compared to young-old and middle-old. Men showed higher scores than women on all CR subscales except for CRI-Leisure time where no significant difference was found. Younger age and higher CRI-Leisure time predicted higher scores on PASE, EAQ, and UST, while higher scores on CRI-Education predicted EAQ and UST. Higher CR seems to enable a more active and healthier lifestyle, while CRIq is a useful tool in the assessment of cognitive potential in the elderly.
本研究旨在探究认知储备（CR）在年龄和性别上的差异，以及 CR 是否能够促进老年人的日常活动、身体活动和流畅推理能力。参与者（n=294）被分为三个年龄组：年轻老年人、中年老年人和年老老年人，他们完成了认知储备指数问卷（CRIq）、日常活动问卷（EAQ）、老年人身体活动量表（PASE）和非平衡结构测试（UST）。与年轻老年人和中年老年人相比，年老老年人在 CRI-总评分、CRI-工作活动评分和 CRI-休闲时间评分方面显著较低。男性在除 CRI-休闲时间外的所有 CR 子量表上的得分均高于女性，而在 CRI-休闲时间方面则没有显著差异。较年轻的年龄和较高的 CRI-休闲时间预测了 PASE、EAQ 和 UST 的较高得分，而较高的 CRI-教育得分则预测了 EAQ 和 UST。较高的 CR 似乎使老年人能够过上更积极、更健康的生活方式，而 CRIq 是评估老年人认知潜力的有用工具。
