Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2021 Sep;78(17-18):6229-6249. doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03914-7. Epub 2021 Aug 13.
Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) are a heterogeneous group of proteins that are expressed and secreted by a wide range of organisms. PFPs are produced as soluble monomers that bind to a receptor molecule in the host cell membrane. They then assemble into oligomers that are incorporated into the lipid membrane to form transmembrane pores. Such pore formation alters the permeability of the plasma membrane and is one of the most common mechanisms used by PFPs to destroy target cells. Interestingly, PFPs can also indirectly manipulate diverse cellular functions. In recent years, increasing evidence indicates that the interaction of PFPs with lipid membranes is not only limited to pore-induced membrane permeabilization but is also strongly associated with extensive plasma membrane reorganization. This includes lateral rearrangement and deformation of the lipid membrane, which can lead to the disruption of target cell function and finally death. Conversely, these modifications also constitute an essential component of the membrane repair system that protects cells from the lethal consequences of pore formation. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the changes in lipid membrane organization caused by PFPs from different organisms.
孔形成蛋白(PFPs)是一大类蛋白的统称,广泛存在于各种生物体中。这些蛋白以可溶性单体的形式表达和分泌,然后与宿主细胞膜上的受体分子结合。接着,这些单体组装成寡聚体,插入到脂质膜中形成跨膜孔。这种孔的形成改变了质膜的通透性,是 PFPs 破坏靶细胞最常用的机制之一。有趣的是,PFPs 还可以间接操纵多种细胞功能。近年来,越来越多的证据表明,PFPs 与脂质膜的相互作用不仅限于孔诱导的膜通透性,还与广泛的质膜重排密切相关。这包括脂质膜的侧向重排和变形,从而导致靶细胞功能的破坏,最终导致细胞死亡。相反,这些修饰也是膜修复系统的一个重要组成部分,该系统保护细胞免受孔形成的致命后果。在这里,我们概述了不同生物体的 PFPs 引起的脂质膜组织变化的现有知识。