Kamalipour Alireza, Moghimi Sasan
Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2021 Jul 29;16(3):478-489. doi: 10.18502/jovr.v16i3.9442. eCollection 2021 Jul-Sep.
The advent of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography has played a transformative role in posterior segment imaging of the eye. Traditionally, images of the optic nerve head and the peripapillary area have been used to evaluate the structural changes associated with glaucoma. Recently, there is growing evidence in the literature supporting the use of macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography as a complementary tool for clinical evaluation and research purposes in glaucoma. Containing more than 50% of retinal ganglion cells in a multilayered pattern, macula is shown to be affected even at the earliest stages of glaucomatous structural damage. Risk assessment for glaucoma progression, earlier detection of glaucomatous structural damage, monitoring of glaucoma especially in advanced cases, and glaucoma evaluation in certain ocular conditions including eyes with high myopia, positive history of disc hemorrhage, and certain optic disc phenotypes are specific domains where macular imaging yields complementary information compared to optic nerve head and peripapillary evaluation using optical coherence tomography. Moreover, the development of artificial intelligence models in data analysis has enabled a tremendous opportunity to create an integrated representation of structural and functional alterations observed in glaucoma. In this study, we aimed at providing a brief review of the main clinical applications and future potential utility of macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in glaucoma.
光谱域光学相干断层扫描技术的出现，在眼部后段成像中发挥了变革性作用。传统上，视神经乳头和视乳头周围区域的图像一直被用于评估与青光眼相关的结构变化。最近，文献中越来越多的证据支持将黄斑光谱域光学相干断层扫描作为青光眼临床评估和研究目的的补充工具。黄斑以多层模式包含超过50%的视网膜神经节细胞，即使在青光眼结构损伤的最早阶段，黄斑也会受到影响。青光眼进展的风险评估、青光眼结构损伤的早期检测、青光眼的监测（尤其是在晚期病例中）以及在某些眼部疾病（包括高度近视、视盘出血阳性病史和某些视盘表型）中的青光眼评估，是黄斑成像与使用光学相干断层扫描对视神经乳头和视乳头周围进行评估相比能提供补充信息的特定领域。此外，数据分析中人工智能模型的发展为创建青光眼结构和功能改变的综合表征提供了巨大机遇。在本研究中，我们旨在简要回顾黄斑光谱域光学相干断层扫描在青光眼中的主要临床应用和未来潜在用途。
