Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh and the Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 16;224(12 Suppl 2):S23-S28. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab116.
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a syndrome that causes substantial morbidity, including chronic pelvic pain, to women globally. While limited data are available from low- and middle-income countries, national databases from the United States and Europe suggest that PID incidence may be decreasing but the rate of decrease may differ by the etiologic cause. Recent studies of women with PID have reported that fewer than half of women receiving a diagnosis of PID have gonococcal or chlamydial infection, while Mycoplasma genitalium, respiratory pathogens, and the constellation of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis may account for a substantial fraction of PID cases. The clinical diagnosis of PID is nonspecific, creating an urgent need to develop noninvasive tests to diagnose PID. Advances in serologic testing for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae could advance epidemiologic studies, while the development of vaccines against these sexually transmitted pathogens could affect incident PID and associated morbidity.
盆腔炎性疾病（PID）是一种综合征，会导致全球女性出现大量的发病率，包括慢性盆腔痛。虽然来自低收入和中等收入国家的数据有限，但来自美国和欧洲的国家数据库表明，PID 的发病率可能在下降，但下降的速度可能因病因不同而有所不同。最近对 PID 患者的研究报告称，诊断为 PID 的女性中，不到一半的人患有淋病奈瑟菌或沙眼衣原体感染，而生殖支原体、呼吸道病原体以及与细菌性阴道病相关的细菌群可能占 PID 病例的很大一部分。PID 的临床诊断不具有特异性，因此迫切需要开发非侵入性测试来诊断 PID。针对沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌的血清学检测的进步可以推动流行病学研究，而针对这些性传播病原体的疫苗的开发可能会影响 PID 的发病率和相关发病率。
