Microbiology Laboratory, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
Group of Microbiology and Infectology, Fundación Biomédica Galicia Sur, Vigo, Spain.
Microb Drug Resist. 2022 Jan;28(1):81-86. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0594. Epub 2021 Aug 16.
The aim of this study was to characterize the evolution of gonorrhea in the general population by correlating epidemiological, genotypic, and antimicrobial resistance data of isolates collected in northern Spain from 2014 to 2018. One hundred ninety-four strains underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and were genetically analyzed by multiantigen sequence typing. Increasing cases of gonococcal infections have been observed after 2015. Most occurred in male with urethritis. Sequence type (ST)-9972 and ST-1576, the predominant genotypes identified, have not been previously described as epidemic clones. Of great concern was the significant increase in azithromycin-resistant . More than 30% of these isolates were obtained from men who have sex with men (MSM). ST-12302 was the most prevalent clone among the azithromycin-resistant strains, and was also resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. This multidrug-resistant clone was exclusively isolated from MSM during 2018. The incidence rates of gonorrhea and azithromycin-resistant have significantly increased due to the emergence of new clones. ST-12302 has recently been recognized as an epidemic clone; therefore, its surveillance could be the key in controlling further dissemination of azithromycin resistance. These data highlight the need to perform local studies to update treatment guidelines and reinforce preventive measures against gonorrhea.
本研究旨在通过关联 2014 年至 2018 年期间在西班牙北部采集的分离株的流行病学、基因型和抗菌药物耐药性数据，来描述普通人群中淋病的演变。对 194 株进行了抗菌药物敏感性测试，并通过多位点序列分型进行了遗传分析。自 2015 年以来，淋球菌感染病例不断增加。大多数发生在有尿道炎的男性中。ST-9972 和 ST-1576 是鉴定出的主要基因型，以前并未被描述为流行克隆。令人担忧的是，耐阿奇霉素的 显著增加。这些分离株中有超过 30%来自男男性接触者（MSM）。ST-12302 是耐阿奇霉素菌株中最常见的克隆，并且对青霉素、环丙沙星和四环素也具有耐药性。这种多药耐药克隆仅在 2018 年从 MSM 中分离出来。由于新克隆的出现，淋病和耐阿奇霉素 的发病率显著增加。ST-12302 最近被认为是一种流行克隆；因此，对其进行监测可能是控制阿奇霉素耐药性进一步传播的关键。这些数据强调了进行当地研究以更新治疗指南和加强淋病预防措施的必要性。
