Xue Xinyan, Deng Ying, Wang Jing, Zhou Mengting, Liao Li, Wang Cheng, Peng Cheng, Li Yunxia
State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
Phytomedicine. 2021 Oct;91:153694. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153694. Epub 2021 Aug 4.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular inflammatory disease with complex pathogenesis. Its serious consequence is insufficient blood supply to heart and brain, which eventually leads to myocardial ischemia, infarction and stroke. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a single chalcone glycoside compound with a variety of pharmacological effects, which has shown a potential biological activity for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
The main purpose of this review is to comprehensively elucidate the mechanism of HSYA on atherosclerosis and its risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus).
The literatures on HSYA in the treatment of atherosclerosis and its risk factors were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, including in vitro (cell), in vivo (animal) and clinical (human) studies, and summarized reasonably.
HSYA is a promising natural product for treating atherosclerosis. It can suppress foam cell formation, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, and platelet activation. The mechanisms are achieved by regulating the reverse cholesterol transport process, fatty acid synthesis, oxidative stress, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NLRP3 inflammasome, TNFR1/NF-κB, NO-cGMP, Bax/Bcl-2, MAPKs, CDK/CyclinD and TLR4/Rac1/Akt signaling pathways. Besides, HSYA is devoted to lowering blood lipids, regulating ion channels, reducing vascular inflammation, and protecting pancreatic beta cells, which is conducive to reducing the harm of independent risk factors of atherosclerosis.
HSYA exhibits the preventive and therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis and its risk factors in vivo and in vitro, which is relevant to multiple mechanisms. The clinical trials of HSYA need to be further investigated to provide a solid foundation for its clinical application.
动脉粥样硬化是一种发病机制复杂的慢性血管炎症性疾病。其严重后果是心脏和大脑供血不足，最终导致心肌缺血、梗死和中风。羟基红花黄色素A（HSYA）是一种具有多种药理作用的单一查尔酮糖苷化合物，已显示出预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化的潜在生物活性。
本综述的主要目的是全面阐明HSYA对动脉粥样硬化及其危险因素（高脂血症、高血压和糖尿病）的作用机制。
在PubMed、谷歌学术、中国知网中检索关于HSYA治疗动脉粥样硬化及其危险因素的文献，包括体外（细胞）、体内（动物）和临床（人体）研究，并进行合理总结。
HSYA是一种有前景的治疗动脉粥样硬化的天然产物。它可以抑制泡沫细胞形成、血管内皮细胞功能障碍、血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移以及血小板活化。其机制是通过调节胆固醇逆向转运过程、脂肪酸合成、氧化应激、PI3K/Akt/mTOR、NLRP3炎性小体、TNFR1/NF-κB、NO-cGMP、Bax/Bcl-2、MAPKs、CDK/CyclinD和TLR4/Rac1/Akt信号通路实现的。此外，HSYA致力于降低血脂、调节离子通道、减轻血管炎症和保护胰岛β细胞，这有助于降低动脉粥样硬化独立危险因素的危害。
HSYA在体内外对动脉粥样硬化及其危险因素均具有预防和治疗作用，这与多种机制相关。HSYA的临床试验需要进一步研究，为其临床应用提供坚实基础。
