Khushk Maimoona, Khan Adil, Rehman Abdur, Sheraz Sehrish, Tunio Yar Muhammad, Rehman Kubra, Rehman Duaa, Ahmed Moiz, Abbas Kiran, Khan Muhammad E
Department of Surgery, Peoples Medical College Hospital, Nawabshah, PAK.
Department of Surgery, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, PAK.
Cureus. 2021 Jul 10;13(7):e16298. doi: 10.7759/cureus.16298. eCollection 2021 Jul.
Introduction Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality among females, worldwide. The present study was intended to evaluate the significance in the management of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) in patients with breast cancer. Methodology A cohort study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi, Pakistan from June 2020 to May 2021. All diagnosed cases of breast cancer who underwent surgical excision of tumor were eligible to partake. Patients who had metastatic breast cancer or had a recurrence were excluded. The patient's sociodemographic and clinical data were documented in a predefined pro forma. It included information about the age, sex, weight, as well as serum CEA and CA15-3. The CA15-3 and CEA levels for each patient were assessed by taking a 5ml blood sample and sending it to the laboratory for further workup. preoperatively on the second, seventh, and 28th postoperative days. Results A mean ± SD age of 52.6 ± 8.89 years was reported. Family history of breast cancer was positive in one-fourth of the patients. Nodal metastasis was negative in 114 (46.72%) patients. Three-fourth of patients had Stage II-IV with only a minority diagnosed with Stage I. The mean levels for CA15-3 in women with Stage I cancer was significantly lower on the seventh day and 28th postoperative day, compared to preoperative levels (p = 0.05). Similar associations were seen for stages II and III. Higher CEA levels were significantly associated with stage III breast cancer preoperatively (5.88 ng/ml, p = 0.05) compared to postoperative values. Conclusion The current study revealed that preoperative values of serum CEA and CA15-3 significantly reduced postoperatively. Moreover, patients with advanced cancers had significantly higher levels of both tumor markers than those with less advanced diseases. The current study highlighted the importance of regular assessment of serum CEA and CA15-3 in breast cancer patients. Both these biomarkers are substantially elevated in breast cancer patients, preoperatively. Determining the levels of serum CEA and CA15-3 pre- and postoperatively may determine the prognosis and aid in forming the most optimal patient care regime with respect to the stage and subtype of cancer.
引言
乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因。本研究旨在评估癌胚抗原（CEA）和癌抗原15-3（CA15-3）在乳腺癌患者管理中的意义。
方法
2020年6月至2021年5月在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的真纳研究生医学中心进行了一项队列研究。所有经诊断并接受肿瘤手术切除的乳腺癌病例均符合参与条件。排除患有转移性乳腺癌或复发的患者。患者的社会人口统计学和临床数据记录在预先定义的表格中。其中包括年龄、性别、体重以及血清CEA和CA15-3的信息。通过采集5ml血样并送至实验室进行进一步检查，评估每位患者的CA15-3和CEA水平。分别于术前、术后第2天、第7天和第28天进行检测。
结果
报告的平均年龄±标准差为52.6±8.89岁。四分之一的患者有乳腺癌家族史。114例（46.72%）患者无淋巴结转移。四分之三的患者处于II-IV期，只有少数患者被诊断为I期。与术前水平相比，I期癌症女性患者术后第7天和第28天的CA15-3平均水平显著降低（p = 0.05）。II期和III期也观察到类似的关联。与术后值相比，术前CEA水平较高与III期乳腺癌显著相关（5.88 ng/ml，p = 0.05）。
结论
本研究表明，血清CEA和CA15-3的术前值在术后显著降低。此外，晚期癌症患者的两种肿瘤标志物水平均显著高于病情较轻的患者。本研究强调了定期评估乳腺癌患者血清CEA和CA15-3的重要性。在乳腺癌患者中，术前这两种生物标志物均显著升高。术前和术后测定血清CEA和CA15-3水平可能有助于确定预后，并有助于根据癌症的分期和亚型制定最优化的患者护理方案。
