Department of Psychology, University of Lille, France.
Department of Psychology, SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA.
Exp Psychol. 2021 Mar;68(2):81-93. doi: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000514.
The mere exposure effect (MEE) is defined as repeated exposures to a stimulus enhancing affective evaluations of that stimulus (Zajonc, 1968). The three prominent explanations of the MEE are Zajonc's "neophobia" account, the uncertainty reduction account, and the perceptual fluency approach. Zajonc's "neophobia" account posits that people have an inherent low level of fear of novel objects and exposure to the objects partially extinguishes this novelty-based fear. The uncertainty reduction account asserts that people find uncertainty aversive and habituation reduces uncertainty. The fluency account postulates that people "like" representations of things with which they are fluent. In four experiments, we induced positive and negative moods before or after target exposures. In addition to assessing the MEE in each condition, we assessed the mood induction. The central hypothesis assessed in this series was that there would be an interaction between mood and the MEE. Although the three accounts of the MEE generated divergent predictions, none of the accounts were well supported by the data. Tests for mood induction demonstrated the efficacy of the induction procedures and the MEE was consistently observed, but Bayesian analysis indicated that at least in the present preparation mood had no effect on the MEE.
单纯曝光效应（MEE）被定义为对刺激物的重复暴露会增强对该刺激物的情感评价（Zajonc，1968）。MEE 的三个主要解释是 Zajonc 的“新奇恐惧症”解释、不确定性降低解释和知觉流畅性方法。Zajonc 的“新奇恐惧症”解释假设人们对新物体有一种固有的低度恐惧，而对物体的暴露会部分消除这种基于新奇的恐惧。不确定性降低解释断言人们发现不确定性是令人厌恶的，习惯化会降低不确定性。流畅性解释假设人们“喜欢”他们熟悉的事物的表现形式。在四个实验中，我们在目标暴露之前或之后诱发积极和消极的情绪。除了在每种情况下评估 MEE 之外，我们还评估了情绪诱导。本系列中评估的核心假设是情绪和 MEE 之间会存在交互作用。尽管 MEE 的三个解释产生了不同的预测，但没有一个解释得到数据的很好支持。对情绪诱导的测试证明了诱导程序的有效性，并且始终观察到 MEE，但贝叶斯分析表明，至少在目前的准备中，情绪对 MEE 没有影响。
