Celik Dilek, Alpay Emre H, Celebi Betul, Turkali Aras
Department of Psychology, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Department of Psychology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2021 Aug 13;12(1):1953790. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1953790. eCollection 2021.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can be identified as a source of traumatic stress. Previous studies have shown that post-traumatic stress and intolerance of uncertainty are associated with aggressive behaviour.
In the present study, we aimed to test a serial mediation model, considering rumination and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) as mediators that link intolerance of uncertainty and aggression, while controlling the confounding effect of crisis-induced health and socioeconomic stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A total of 714 participants [533 (74.6%) females, 176 (24.7%) males, aged 18-64 years ( = 25.16, = 9.34)] completed the following self-reported scales: Aggression Scale, COVID-19 stressors checklist, Short Version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Impact of Event Scale with Modifications for COVID-19, and Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire.
The results revealed that there was an association between intolerance of uncertainty and aggressive behaviours. Moreover, the results of serial mediation analysis showed that intolerance of uncertainty predicts aggressive behaviours via rumination and PTSS. Besides, socioeconomic stressors are significantly associated with the level of PTSS and aggression, while health stressors are not significantly association with the level of PTSS and aggression.
The findings provide several contributions to understand the link between intolerance of uncertainty and aggressive behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic, and confirm the importance of early psychological intervention, especially for those who are more likely to ruminate and suffer from PTSS, to prevent aggression and violence in the long run. In addition to health-related regulations, it is important to take the social and economic aspects of the crisis into account and develop intervention strategies accordingly. Nevertheless, the limitations of cross-sectional mediation analysis in explaining causal relationships should be kept in mind, and future studies should extend these findings using longitudinal data.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行可被视为创伤性应激源。先前的研究表明，创伤后应激和对不确定性的不耐受与攻击行为有关。
在本研究中，我们旨在测试一个系列中介模型，将沉思和创伤后应激症状（PTSS）视为连接对不确定性的不耐受和攻击行为的中介变量，同时控制COVID-19大流行期间危机引发的健康和社会经济应激源的混杂效应。
共有714名参与者[533名（74.6%）女性，176名（24.7%）男性，年龄在18 - 64岁之间（均值 = 25.16，标准差 = 9.34）]完成了以下自我报告量表：攻击量表、COVID-19应激源清单、不确定性不耐受量表简版、针对COVID-19修改后的事件影响量表以及沉思思维方式问卷。
结果显示，对不确定性的不耐受与攻击行为之间存在关联。此外，系列中介分析结果表明，对不确定性的不耐受通过沉思和PTSS预测攻击行为。此外，社会经济应激源与PTSS水平和攻击行为显著相关，而健康应激源与PTSS水平和攻击行为无显著关联。
这些发现为理解COVID-19大流行期间对不确定性的不耐受与攻击行为之间的联系提供了多项贡献，并证实了早期心理干预的重要性，特别是对于那些更易陷入沉思并患有PTSS的人，从长远来看可预防攻击和暴力行为。除了与健康相关的规定外，考虑危机的社会和经济方面并相应制定干预策略也很重要。然而，应牢记横断面中介分析在解释因果关系方面的局限性，未来研究应使用纵向数据扩展这些发现。
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