Maudrich Tom, Kenville Rouven, Schempp Caroline, Noack Eric, Ragert Patrick
Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
Heliyon. 2021 Aug 5;7(8):e07723. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07723. eCollection 2021 Aug.
Motor sequences represent an integral part of human motor ability. Apart from simple movement sequences, complex coordinated movement sequences are the building blocks for peak athletic performance. Accordingly, optimized temporal and spatial coordination of muscle action across multiple limbs may be a distinguishing feature between athletes and non-athletes in many sports. In the present study, we aimed to assess differences between strength and endurance athletes and non-athletes during learning of a complex whole-body serial reaction time task (CWB-SRTT). For this purpose, 26 nonathletes (NAG) and 25 athletes (AG) learned the CWB-SRTT over 2 days separated by 7 days. Mean response times of participants were recorded and statistically analyzed for sequence-specific and non-sequence-specific improvements, as well as differences in learning rates and retention. Furthermore, AG was subdivided into strength (SG) and endurance (EG) athletes, and all analysis steps were repeated. Our results show a better mean response time of AG compared to NAG. However, we could not detect differences in sequence-specific or non-sequence-specific learning, as well as different retention rates between NAG and AG or SG and EG. We assume here that a potential lack of motor transfer between general athletic abilities and the specific complex motor sequence mainly accounts for our findings.
运动序列是人类运动能力的一个重要组成部分。除了简单的运动序列外，复杂的协调运动序列是达到顶尖运动表现的基石。因此，在许多运动项目中，多个肢体间肌肉动作在时间和空间上的优化协调，可能是运动员与非运动员之间的一个显著区别。在本研究中，我们旨在评估力量型和耐力型运动员与非运动员在学习一项复杂的全身序列反应时任务（CWB-SRTT）过程中的差异。为此，26名非运动员（NAG）和25名运动员（AG）在相隔7天的两天时间里学习CWB-SRTT。记录参与者的平均反应时，并对序列特异性和非序列特异性的改善情况、学习率差异及记忆保持情况进行统计分析。此外，AG被细分为力量型（SG）和耐力型（EG）运动员，并重复所有分析步骤。我们的结果显示，与NAG相比，AG的平均反应时更短。然而，我们未能检测到NAG与AG之间或SG与EG之间在序列特异性或非序列特异性学习方面的差异，以及不同的记忆保持率。我们在此假定，一般运动能力与特定复杂运动序列之间可能缺乏运动迁移，这主要解释了我们的研究结果。
