Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Stratton Hall Rm. 308, 3201 Chestnut St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
Psychol Res. 2020 Jul;84(5):1167-1183. doi: 10.1007/s00426-019-01145-x. Epub 2019 Jan 9.
The health benefits of resistance exercises are well established; however, the effects of resistance training on cognition are not as well understood. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the evidence of resistance exercise's effects on cognition. A systematic search identified 24 studies that were included in the analyses. These articles ranged in the protocols utilized and in how they studied the effects of resistance training on cognition. Four primary analyses were carried out to assess the effects of resistance exercise on cognitive outcomes: (1) composite cognitive scores, (2) screening measures of cognitive impairment, (3) measures of executive functions, and (4) measures of working memory. Results revealed positive effects of resistance training on composite cognitive scores (SMD 0.71, 95% CI 0.30-1.12), screening measures of cognitive impairment (SMD 1.28, 95% CI 0.39-2.18), and executive functions (SMD 0.39, 95% CI 0.04-0.74), but no effect on measures of working memory (SMD 0.151, 95% CI - 0.21 to 0.51). High heterogeneity was observed in all analyses. Resistance training appears to have positive effects on cognition; however, future research will need to determine why the effects are so variable.
抗阻运动对健康的益处已得到充分证实；然而，抗阻训练对认知的影响还不太清楚。本荟萃分析的目的是评估抗阻运动对认知影响的证据。系统搜索确定了 24 项符合纳入分析标准的研究。这些文章在使用的方案和研究抗阻训练对认知影响的方式上存在差异。进行了四项主要分析来评估抗阻运动对认知结果的影响：（1）综合认知评分，（2）认知障碍筛查测量，（3）执行功能测量，和（4）工作记忆测量。结果表明，抗阻训练对综合认知评分（SMD 0.71，95% CI 0.30-1.12）、认知障碍筛查测量（SMD 1.28，95% CI 0.39-2.18）和执行功能（SMD 0.39，95% CI 0.04-0.74）有积极影响，但对工作记忆测量（SMD 0.151，95% CI -0.21 至 0.51）没有影响。所有分析均观察到高度异质性。抗阻训练似乎对认知有积极影响；然而，未来的研究将需要确定为什么这些影响如此多变。
