Mandolesi Laura, Polverino Arianna, Montuori Simone, Foti Francesca, Ferraioli Giampaolo, Sorrentino Pierpaolo, Sorrentino Giuseppe
Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, Parthenope University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2018 Apr 27;9:509. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00509. eCollection 2018.
Much evidence shows that physical exercise (PE) is a strong gene modulator that induces structural and functional changes in the brain, determining enormous benefit on both cognitive functioning and wellbeing. PE is also a protective factor for neurodegeneration. However, it is unclear if such protection is granted through modifications to the biological mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration or through better compensation against attacks. This concise review addresses the biological and psychological positive effects of PE describing the results obtained on brain plasticity and epigenetic mechanisms in animal and human studies, in order to clarify how to maximize the positive effects of PE while avoiding negative consequences, as in the case of exercise addiction.
大量证据表明，体育锻炼（PE）是一种强大的基因调节剂，可诱导大脑发生结构和功能变化，对认知功能和幸福感都有极大益处。体育锻炼也是神经退行性变的保护因素。然而，尚不清楚这种保护是通过改变神经退行性变的生物学机制实现的，还是通过更好地抵御攻击来实现的。这篇简要综述阐述了体育锻炼在生物学和心理学方面的积极作用，介绍了在动物和人体研究中获得的关于大脑可塑性和表观遗传机制的结果，以阐明如何在避免诸如运动成瘾等负面后果的同时，最大化体育锻炼的积极作用。
