Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Food and Marine Resources Research Centre, PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2021 Aug 11;16:5371-5393. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S321419. eCollection 2021.
The current study proposed the simple, eco-friendly and cost-effective synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) structured silver-based nanocomposite (CMC-AgNPs) using buds extract.
The CMC-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infra-red (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The synthesized nanocomposites were evaluated for their bactericidal kinetics, in-vivo anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmaniasis, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities using different in-vitro and in-vivo models.
The spherical shape nanocomposite of CMC-AgNPs was synthesized with the mean size range of 20-30 nm, and the average pore diameter is 18.2 nm while the mean zeta potential of -31.6 ± 3.64 mV. The highly significant < 0.005) antibacterial activity was found against six bacterial strains with the ZIs of 24.6 to 27.9 mm. More drop counts were observed in Gram-negative strains after 10 min exposure with CMC-AgNPs. Significant damage in bacterial cell membrane was also observed in atomic force microscopy (AFM) after treated with CMC-AgNPs. Nanocomposite showed highly significant anti-inflammatory activity in cotton pellet induced granuloma model (Phase I) in rats with the mean inhibitions of 43.13% and 48.68% at the doses of 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively, when compared to control. Reduction in rat paw edema (Phase II) was also highly significant (0.025 mg/kg; 42.39%; 0.05 mg/kg, 47.82%). At dose of 0.05 mg/kg, CMC-AgNPs caused highly significant decrease in leukocyte counts (922 ± 83), levels of CRP (8.4 ± 0.73 mg/mL), IL-1 (177.4 ± 21.3 pg/mL), IL-2 (83.7 ± 11.5 pg/mL), IL-6 (83.7 ± 11.5 pg/mL) and TNF-α (18.3 ± 5.3 pg/mL) as compared to control group. CMC-AgNPs produced highly effective anti-leishmaniasis activity with the viable counts decreased up to 36.7% within 24 h, and the IC was found to be 28.41 μg/mL. The potent DPPH radical scavenging potential was also observed for CMC-AgNPs with the IC value of 112 μg/mL. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity was assessed using HeLa cell lines with the LC of 108.2 μg/mL.
The current findings demonstrate positive attributes of CMC fabricated AgNPs as a promising antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-leishmaniasis, and antioxidant agent with low cytotoxic potential.
本研究提出了一种简单、环保、经济高效的方法，使用芽提取物合成羧甲基纤维素（CMC）结构的银基纳米复合材料（CMC-AgNPs）。
采用紫外（UV）光谱、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、能谱（EDX）和动态光散射（DLS）技术对 CMC-AgNPs 进行了表征。采用不同的体外和体内模型，对合成的纳米复合材料的杀菌动力学、体内抗炎、抗利什曼病、抗氧化和细胞毒性活性进行了评价。
合成的 CMC-AgNPs 为球形纳米复合材料，平均粒径范围为 20-30nm，平均孔径为 18.2nm，平均 Zeta 电位为-31.6±3.64mV。对六种细菌菌株具有高度显著的 <0.005）抗菌活性，ZIs 为 24.6 至 27.9mm。用 CMC-AgNPs 处理后，革兰氏阴性菌的落滴数明显增加。原子力显微镜（AFM）也观察到了纳米复合材料处理后细菌细胞膜的严重损伤。纳米复合材料在大鼠棉球肉芽肿模型（I 期）中表现出高度显著的抗炎活性，与对照组相比，0.025 和 0.05mg/kg 剂量时的平均抑制率分别为 43.13%和 48.68%。大鼠爪肿胀（II 期）也有显著降低（0.025mg/kg；42.39%；0.05mg/kg，47.82%）。在 0.05mg/kg 剂量下，与对照组相比，CMC-AgNPs 可使白细胞计数（922±83）、C 反应蛋白（CRP）水平（8.4±0.73mg/mL）、IL-1（177.4±21.3pg/mL）、IL-2（83.7±11.5pg/mL）、IL-6（83.7±11.5pg/mL）和 TNF-α（18.3±5.3pg/mL）显著降低。CMC-AgNPs 具有高效的抗利什曼病活性，在 24 小时内可使存活细胞数减少至 36.7%，IC 为 28.41μg/mL。CMC-AgNPs 还具有较强的 DPPH 自由基清除能力，IC 值为 112μg/mL。此外，采用 HeLa 细胞系进行了细胞毒性评估，LC 为 108.2μg/mL。
本研究结果表明，CMC 制备的 AgNPs 具有作为一种有前途的抗菌、抗炎、抗利什曼病和抗氧化剂的积极特性，且细胞毒性低。
