Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Road BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica - RJ, 23890-000, Brazil.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Road BR 465, Km 07, Seropedica - RJ, 23890-000, Brazil.
Prev Vet Med. 2021 Oct;195:105467. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105467. Epub 2021 Aug 17.
Equine leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan of the Leishmania genus, and it has been reported in several countries around the world, especially Brazil. Therefore, the present investigation aims to conduct a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence, spatial distribution, and associated factors with seropositivity for Leishmania spp. in draft horses from the Distrito Federal, Brazil. The serological survey was conducted on 411 animals, employing the Indirect Immunofluorescence Test (IFA) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The Kappa (κ) and gross agreement indexes evaluated the Leishmania spp. seropositivity by IFA and ELISA test. The statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. The spatial analysis showed the areas with the highest number of seropositive and the Moran autocorrelation analyses between the spatial distribution and the epidemiological model's explanatory variables. A 27.01 % co-positivity was observed with a κ index of 52.64 %. The final model considered the variables: access to water bodies (p-value = 0.008, Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.26, Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.24-4.13), the absence of the use of ectoparasiticide (p-value = 0.008, OR = 1.93 CI = 1.18-3.15) and traveling animal (p-value = 0.059, OR = 1.54, CI = 0.98-2.41). The Kernel map showed hot areas with a high concentration of nine positive animals per area and some lighter areas ranging from five to seven positive animals per area where control measures should be performed. The Moran autocorrelation analysis was significant for the variables: traveling animal (Moran's I = 0.540 and pseudo-p-value = 0.001) and the absence of use ectoparasiticide (Moran's I = 0.259 and pseudo-p-value = 0.005). The current study exposes a high seroprevalence of Leishmania spp. in horses in the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Moreover, it proposes that traveling animal, the access to water bodies and the absence of the use of ectoparasiticide are significantly associated with seropositivity for Leishmania spp. in draft horses, which may contribute to the implementation of prophylactic and controls measures where leishmaniasis is already stalled.
马利诺病是一种被忽视的热带病，由利什曼原虫属的原生动物引起，已在世界上许多国家报告，特别是在巴西。因此，本研究旨在进行横断面研究，以确定巴西联邦区役马利什曼原虫属血清阳性的流行率、空间分布和相关因素。采用间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对 411 匹马进行血清学调查。Kappa（κ）和总一致性指数评估了 IFA 和 ELISA 试验的利什曼原虫属血清阳性率。采用卡方检验和逻辑回归进行统计分析。空间分析显示了血清阳性率最高的区域，以及空间分布与流行病学模型解释变量之间的 Moran 自相关分析。IFA 检测的阳性符合率为 27.01%，κ 值为 52.64%。最终模型考虑了以下变量：接触水体（p 值=0.008，优势比（OR）=2.26，置信区间（CI）=1.24-4.13）、不使用杀虫剂（p 值=0.008，OR=1.93，CI=1.18-3.15）和运输动物（p 值=0.059，OR=1.54，CI=0.98-2.41）。核密度图显示了高浓度阳性动物（每个区域 9 头）的热点区域，以及阳性动物浓度稍低（每个区域 5-7 头）的区域，这些区域应采取控制措施。Moran 自相关分析显示，运输动物（Moran's I=0.540，伪概率值=0.001）和不使用杀虫剂（Moran's I=0.259，伪概率值=0.005）这两个变量具有统计学意义。本研究揭示了巴西联邦区役马利什曼原虫属血清阳性率较高。此外，研究还表明，运输动物、接触水体和不使用杀虫剂与役马利什曼原虫属血清阳性显著相关，这可能有助于在已经存在利什曼病的地区实施预防和控制措施。
