CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC, Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, 3060-197 Coimbra, Portugal.
J Control Release. 2021 Oct 10;338:472-485. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.037. Epub 2021 Aug 21.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are communication channels between different cell types in the brain, between the brain and the periphery and vice-versa, playing a fundamental role in physiology and pathology. The evidence that EVs might be able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) make them very promising candidates as nanocarriers to treat brain pathologies. EVs contain a cocktail of bioactive factors, yet their content and surface can be further engineered to enhance their biological activity, stability and targeting ability. Native and engineered EVs have been reported for the treatment of different brain pathologies, although issues related to their modest accumulation and limited local therapeutic effect in the brain still need to be addressed. In this review, we cover the therapeutic applications of native and bioengineered EVs for brain diseases. We also review recent data about the interaction between EVs and the BBB and discuss the challenges and opportunities in clinical translation of EVs as brain therapeutics.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是大脑不同细胞类型之间、大脑与外周之间以及反之亦然的通讯渠道，在生理和病理中发挥着重要作用。EVs 能够穿透血脑屏障 (BBB) 的证据使其成为治疗脑疾病的很有前途的纳米载体候选物。EVs 含有生物活性因子的混合物，但它们的内容物和表面可以进一步设计，以增强其生物活性、稳定性和靶向能力。已经有报道称天然和工程化的 EVs 可用于治疗不同的脑疾病，尽管在大脑中它们的积累量适中且局部治疗效果有限的问题仍需要解决。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了天然和生物工程化 EVs 在脑疾病治疗中的应用。我们还回顾了关于 EVs 与 BBB 相互作用的最新数据，并讨论了将 EVs 作为脑治疗剂进行临床转化的挑战和机遇。
