Marazziti Donatella, Buccianelli Beatrice, Palermo Stefania, Parra Elisabetta, Arone Alessandro, Beatino Maria Francesca, Massa Lucia, Carpita Barbara, Barberi Filippo M, Mucci Federico, Dell’Osso Liliana
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
Unicamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Medical and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2021 Jul 28;11(8):760. doi: 10.3390/life11080760.
The functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is the result of the constant integration of bidirectional messages between the brain and peripheral organs, together with their connections with the environment. Despite the anatomical separation, gut microbiota, i.e., the microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract, is highly related to the CNS through the so-called "gut-brain axis". The aim of this paper was to review and comment on the current literature on the role of the intestinal microbiota and the gut-brain axis in some common neuropsychiatric conditions. The recent literature indicates that the gut microbiota may affect brain functions through endocrine and metabolic pathways, antibody production and the enteric network while supporting its possible role in the onset and maintenance of several neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition were observed in mood disorders and autism spectrum disorders and, apparently to a lesser extent, even in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, as well as in schizophrenia. Therefore, gut microbiota might represent an interesting field of research for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of common neuropsychiatric disorders and possibly as a target for the development of innovative treatments that some authors have already labelled "psychobiotics".
中枢神经系统（CNS）的功能是大脑与外周器官之间双向信息持续整合的结果，以及它们与环境的联系。尽管在解剖学上相互分离，但肠道微生物群，即定殖于胃肠道的微生物，通过所谓的“肠-脑轴”与中枢神经系统高度相关。本文的目的是回顾和评论当前关于肠道微生物群和肠-脑轴在一些常见神经精神疾病中作用的文献。最近的文献表明，肠道微生物群可能通过内分泌和代谢途径、抗体产生和肠道网络影响大脑功能，同时支持其在几种神经精神疾病、神经发育和神经退行性疾病的发病和维持中的可能作用。在情绪障碍和自闭症谱系障碍中观察到肠道微生物群组成的改变，显然在较小程度上，甚至在强迫症（OCD）及相关病症以及精神分裂症中也有改变。因此，肠道微生物群可能是一个有趣的研究领域，有助于更好地理解常见神经精神疾病的病理生理学，并且可能作为创新治疗方法开发的靶点，一些作者已经将其标记为“精神益生菌”。
