Lu Jun, Wu Yong, Yuan Juanli, Yuan Jin, Wang Zhongliang, Gao Jinyan, Chen Hongbing
State Key Lab Food Science & Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
Sino German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
Foods. 2021 Jul 26;10(8):1725. doi: 10.3390/foods10081725.
Wheat gluten elicits a pro-inflammatory immune response in patients with celiac disease. The only effective therapy for this disease is a life-long gluten-free diet. Gluten detoxification using glutenases is an alternative approach. A key step is to identify useful glutenases or glutenase-producing organisms. This study investigated the gluten-degrading activity of three strains using gluten, gliadin, and highly immunotoxic 33- and 13-mer gliadin peptides. The strain AFA01 was grown on four culture media for obtaining the optimum gluten degradation. Complete genome sequencing was performed to predict genes of enzymes with potential glutenase activity. The results showed that the three strains can hydrolyze gluten, immunotoxic peptides, and gliadin even at pH 2.0. AFA01 was the most effective strain in degrading the 33-mer peptide into fractions containing less than nine amino acid residues, the minimum peptide to induce celiac responses. Moreover, growth on starch casein broth promoted AFA01 to degrade immunotoxic peptides. PepP, PepX, and PepI may be responsible for the hydrolysis of immunotoxic peptides. On the basis of the potential of gluten degradation, AFA01 or its derived enzymes may be the best option for further research regarding the elimination of gluten toxicity.
小麦麸质会在乳糜泻患者中引发促炎性免疫反应。这种疾病唯一有效的治疗方法是终身无麸质饮食。使用谷氨酰胺酶进行麸质解毒是一种替代方法。关键步骤是鉴定有用的谷氨酰胺酶或产生谷氨酰胺酶的生物体。本研究使用麸质、麦醇溶蛋白以及具有高度免疫毒性的33肽和13肽麦醇溶蛋白肽研究了三株菌株的麸质降解活性。菌株AFA01在四种培养基上培养以获得最佳的麸质降解效果。进行了全基因组测序以预测具有潜在谷氨酰胺酶活性的酶的基因。结果表明，这三株菌株即使在pH 2.0时也能水解麸质、免疫毒性肽和麦醇溶蛋白。AFA01是将33肽降解为含少于九个氨基酸残基的片段（诱导乳糜泻反应的最小肽段）最有效的菌株。此外，在淀粉酪蛋白肉汤中生长可促进AFA01降解免疫毒性肽。PepP、PepX和PepI可能负责免疫毒性肽的水解。基于麸质降解的潜力，AFA01或其衍生酶可能是进一步研究消除麸质毒性的最佳选择。
