Algammal Abdelazeem M, Hashem Hany R, Al-Otaibi Amenah S, Alfifi Khyreyah J, El-Dawody Esraa M, Mahrous Eman, Hetta Helal F, El-Kholy Ali W, Ramadan Hazem, El-Tarabili Reham M
Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
BMC Microbiol. 2021 Aug 26;21(1):237. doi: 10.1186/s12866-021-02287-y.
Avian tuberculosis is a chronic and zoonotic disease that affects a wide variety of birds, mammals, and humans. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some domestic birds based on molecular diagnosis, antibiogram profile, and PCR-based detection of inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB antibiotic resistance-related genes.
A total of 120 fecal samples were collected from small flocks of house-reared domestic birds at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. The collected samples were processed and subjected to the bacteriological examination. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the recovered isolates was performed using the broth microdilution method for the detection of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The genetic detection of the IS901confirmatory gene, inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB genes was carried out using PCR.
The frequency of M. avium subsp. avium was 4.1% (5/120); 10% (4/40) in ducks, and 2.5% (1/10) in geese. The identification of the recovered isolates was confirmed using PCR, where all the tested isolates were positive for IS901confirmatory gene. The results of the broth microdilution method revealed that most of the recovered isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, and doxycycline, and harbored the inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB genes.
In brief, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report that emphasized the emergence of avian tuberculosis in house-reared domestic birds in Egypt. The emergence of MDR- M. avium subsp. avium is considered a public health threat. Emerging MDR-M. avium subsp. avium in domestic birds are commonly harbored the IS901, inhA, rpoB, rpsL, and otrB genes. Azithromycin and clofazimine revealed a promising in-vitro antibacterial activity against M. avium subsp. avium.
禽结核病是一种慢性人畜共患病，可影响多种鸟类、哺乳动物和人类。本研究旨在基于分子诊断、抗菌谱分析以及基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测与inhA、rpoB、rpsL和otrB抗生素耐药相关基因，来估计一些家禽中鸟分枝杆菌鸟亚种的感染频率。
从埃及伊斯梅利亚省的小型家庭饲养家禽群中总共采集了120份粪便样本。对采集的样本进行处理并进行细菌学检查。使用肉汤微量稀释法对回收的分离株进行抗菌药敏试验，以检测最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。使用PCR对IS901确认基因、inhA、rpoB、rpsL和otrB基因进行基因检测。
鸟分枝杆菌鸟亚种的感染频率为4.1%（5/120）；鸭中的感染率为10%（4/40），鹅中的感染率为2.5%（1/10）。使用PCR确认了回收分离株的鉴定结果，所有测试分离株的IS901确认基因均为阳性。肉汤微量稀释法的结果显示，大多数回收的分离株对异烟肼、利福平、链霉素、土霉素和强力霉素表现出多重耐药性（MDR），并且携带inhA、rpoB、rpsL和otrB基因。
简而言之，据我们所知，这是第一份强调埃及家庭饲养家禽中禽结核病出现的报告。多重耐药鸟分枝杆菌鸟亚种的出现被认为是一种公共卫生威胁。在家禽中出现的多重耐药鸟分枝杆菌鸟亚种通常携带IS901、inhA、rpoB、rpsL和otrB基因。阿奇霉素和氯法齐明对鸟分枝杆菌鸟亚种显示出有前景的体外抗菌活性。
