Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/@sskuodas.
J Mol Biol. 2021 Oct 15;433(21):167215. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167215. Epub 2021 Aug 24.
Protein aggregation is a feature of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. However, regulated, often reversible, formation of protein aggregates, also known as condensates, helps control a wide range of cellular activities including stress response, gene expression, memory, cell development and differentiation. This review presents examples of aggregates found in biological systems, how they are used, and cellular strategies that control aggregation and disaggregation. We include features of the aggregating proteins themselves, environmental factors, co-aggregates, post-translational modifications and well-known aggregation-directed activities that influence their formation, material state, stability and dissolution. We highlight the emerging roles of biomolecular condensates in early animal development, and disaggregation processing proteins that have recently been shown to play key roles in gametogenesis and embryogenesis.
蛋白质聚集是许多神经退行性疾病的特征。然而，受调控的、通常是可逆的蛋白质聚集的形成，也被称为凝聚物，有助于控制广泛的细胞活动，包括应激反应、基因表达、记忆、细胞发育和分化。本综述介绍了在生物系统中发现的聚集物的例子，它们的用途，以及控制聚集和去聚集的细胞策略。我们包括了聚集蛋白本身的特性、环境因素、共聚集物、翻译后修饰以及众所周知的聚集导向活性，这些因素影响它们的形成、物质状态、稳定性和溶解。我们强调了生物分子凝聚物在早期动物发育中的新兴作用，以及最近被证明在配子发生和胚胎发生中起关键作用的去聚集加工蛋白。
