提高谷类作物耐涝性的机遇——生理特性与遗传机制
Opportunities for Improving Waterlogging Tolerance in Cereal Crops-Physiological Traits and Genetic Mechanisms.
作者信息
Tong Cen, Hill Camilla Beate, Zhou Gaofeng, Zhang Xiao-Qi, Jia Yong, Li Chengdao
机构信息
Western Crop Genetic Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
出版信息
Plants (Basel). 2021 Jul 29;10(8):1560. doi: 10.3390/plants10081560.
Waterlogging occurs when soil is saturated with water, leading to anaerobic conditions in the root zone of plants. Climate change is increasing the frequency of waterlogging events, resulting in considerable crop losses. Plants respond to waterlogging stress by adventitious root growth, aerenchyma formation, energy metabolism, and phytohormone signalling. Genotypes differ in biomass reduction, photosynthesis rate, adventitious roots development, and aerenchyma formation in response to waterlogging. We reviewed the detrimental effects of waterlogging on physiological and genetic mechanisms in four major cereal crops (rice, maize, wheat, and barley). The review covers current knowledge on waterlogging tolerance mechanism, genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with waterlogging tolerance-related traits, the conventional and modern breeding methods used in developing waterlogging tolerant germplasm. Lastly, we describe candidate genes controlling waterlogging tolerance identified in model plants and rice to identify homologous genes in the less waterlogging-tolerant maize, wheat, and barley.
当土壤被水饱和时就会发生涝渍，导致植物根区出现厌氧条件。气候变化正在增加涝渍事件的频率，从而造成可观的作物损失。植物通过不定根生长、通气组织形成、能量代谢和植物激素信号传导来应对涝渍胁迫。不同基因型在生物量减少、光合速率、不定根发育和通气组织形成方面对涝渍的反应存在差异。我们综述了涝渍对四种主要谷类作物（水稻、玉米、小麦和大麦）生理和遗传机制的有害影响。该综述涵盖了目前关于耐涝机制、与耐涝相关性状相关的基因和数量性状位点（QTL）的知识，以及用于培育耐涝种质的传统和现代育种方法。最后，我们描述了在模式植物和水稻中鉴定出的控制耐涝性的候选基因，以在耐涝性较差的玉米、小麦和大麦中鉴定同源基因。
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