Cairncross S, Cliff J L
Department of Tropical Hygiene, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1987;81(1):51-4. doi: 10.1016/0035-9203(87)90280-x.
A comparison of domestic water use in 2 villages in Mueda, Mozambique, indicated that a reduction in the length of the water collection journey from 5 h to 10 min was associated with an increase in average water consumption from 4.1 to 11.1 litres per person per day. Bathing and washing clothes accounted for 70% of the increased total. Bathing of children was a regular nightly event in the village with a water supply but almost unknown in the other. Water used for food preparation also increased, suggesting that scarcity of water may also influence diet. A major benefit of water supply is the saving of women's time and effort from water collection. In Mueda, it was an average of 1 3/4 h per day. More than half the time saved was spent on other household tasks, particularly grinding cereals, and on other productive work. Women spent much of the remainder with their children. A trachoma survey, organized as a training exercise for medical students, found a 19% prevalence of trachoma in the village with a water supply, while the prevalence was twice this figure in another village with no supply.
对莫桑比克穆埃达两个村庄的家庭用水情况进行比较后发现，取水行程从5小时缩短至10分钟，使得人均日用水量从4.1升增至11.1升。洗澡和洗衣服占总增水量的70%。在有供水的村庄，每晚给孩子洗澡是常事，而在另一个村庄几乎没有。用于食物准备的用水也增加了，这表明缺水可能也会影响饮食。供水的一个主要好处是节省了妇女取水的时间和精力。在穆埃达，平均每天节省1又3/4小时。节省的时间中，一半以上用于其他家务，特别是研磨谷物以及其他生产性工作。其余的时间里，妇女大多和孩子在一起。作为医学生培训活动组织的沙眼调查发现，有供水的村庄沙眼患病率为19%，而在另一个没有供水的村庄，患病率是这个数字的两倍。
