猫外耳道共生酵母的流行情况及体外抗真菌药敏性。
Prevalence and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of commensal yeasts in the external ear canal of cats.
机构信息
Graduate Student in Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand.
出版信息
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Aug 28;17(1):288. doi: 10.1186/s12917-021-02995-7.
BACKGROUND
Lifestyle factors such as hair length, the frequency of ear cleaning and bathing, age, cat rearing, and sex may contribute to opportunistic yeast infections in the external ear canal of cats. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of commensal yeast organisms in cats' external ear canals, evaluate their predisposing lifestyle factors, and test the susceptibility of Malassezia pachydermatis to antifungal agents.
RESULTS
A total of 53 cats (33 male and 20 female) seronegative for feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus were enrolled in this study. Their mean age (± standard deviation) was 6.04 (± 3.49) years. Fungal cultures and polymerase chain reaction tests were performed to identify the yeast species derived from the external ear canal. The association between lifestyle factors and the presence of M. pachydermatis was evaluated using Fisher's exact test. The susceptibility of M. pachydermatis to antifungal agents was also analyzed. M. pachydermatis was the most frequently recovered yeast species, with a prevalence of 50.94 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 36.84-64.94 %). There was an association between hair length and a positive culture for M. pachydermatis (p = 0.0001). The odds of a negative culture for M. pachydermatis among short-haired cats was 11.67 (95 % CI, 3.22-42.24) times higher than that among long-haired cats (p = 0.0002). There was also an association between the frequency of ear cleaning and the presence of M. pachydermatis (p = 0.007). The odds of a negative culture for M. pachydermatis in cats that were receiving ear cleaning at intervals of ≤ 2 weeks was 5.78 (95 % CI, 1.67-19.94) times greater than that of cats receiving ear cleaning at intervals greater than 2 weeks or never (p = 0.0055). Ranges of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations for itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and terbinafine against M. pachydermatis were ≤ 0.063-4 and ≤ 0.063-≥32, ≤ 0.063-8 and 0.125-≥32, ≤ 0.063-≥32 and 0.5-≥32, and ≤ 0.016-1 and 0.125-8 µg/ml, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
M. pachydermatis was the most commonly identified yeast organism in the external ear canal of healthy cats. Hair length and the frequency of ear cleaning played a role in the colonization of M. pachydermatis. The M. pachydermatis isolates had various MIC levels for common fungicides.
背景
生活方式因素，如毛发长度、耳部清洁和洗澡的频率、年龄、养猫情况和性别，可能导致猫外耳道的机会性酵母感染。本研究旨在确定猫外耳道中共生酵母的流行情况，评估其易患的生活方式因素，并测试马拉色菌对抗真菌药物的敏感性。
结果
本研究共纳入 53 只血清阴性的猫（33 只为雄性，20 只为雌性），猫白血病病毒和猫免疫缺陷病毒。它们的平均年龄（±标准差）为 6.04（±3.49）岁。通过真菌培养和聚合酶链反应试验从外耳道中鉴定出酵母种类。使用 Fisher 确切检验评估生活方式因素与马拉色菌存在的关系。还分析了马拉色菌对常见抗真菌药物的敏感性。马拉色菌是最常分离到的酵母，检出率为 50.94%（95%置信区间：36.84-64.94%）。毛发长度与马拉色菌阳性培养之间存在关联（p=0.0001）。短毛猫中马拉色菌阴性培养的几率是非短毛猫的 11.67 倍（95%置信区间，3.22-42.24）（p=0.0002）。耳部清洁频率与马拉色菌的存在也存在关联（p=0.007）。间隔≤2 周进行耳部清洁的猫中，马拉色菌阴性培养的几率是间隔>2 周或从不进行耳部清洁的猫的 5.78 倍（95%置信区间，1.67-19.94）（p=0.0055）。酮康唑、伊曲康唑、咪康唑和特比萘芬对马拉色菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）范围分别为≤0.063-4 和≤0.063-≥32、≤0.063-8 和 0.125-≥32、≤0.063-≥32 和 0.5-≥32，以及≤0.016-1 和 0.125-8μg/ml。
结论
马拉色菌是健康猫外耳道中最常分离到的酵母。毛发长度和耳部清洁频率在马拉色菌定植中起作用。马拉色菌分离株对常见杀真菌剂的 MIC 水平各不相同。
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